国内外郊野公园规划案例比较及展望

郊野公园是优化城市空间格局、供人们游憩和健身的重要载体。通过对国内外有代表性的郊野公园规划案例进行归纳总结,利用比较研究的方法对其发展概况、主要活动项目、配套设施建设与相关规划条例等方面进行比较分析,并从选址特征、规划实施与运营管理情况3个方面总结我国郊野公园在规划与管理上的缺点与不足,在此基础上,对我国郊野公园今后的建设与管控模式进行展望。     

立体赋权：农村留守儿童社会支持网络的建构

随着城市化进程的加快,农村剩余劳动力大量涌入城市,产生了留守儿童这一新的群体,其社会支持问题El益突出,引起社会各界广泛的关注。厦门“凤凰花助飞体验营”服务项目借助增权视角社会工作理论,在实践中探索出建构留守儿童社会支持网络的路径：增强个体自我效能感,提升建构支持的内在能力;集体中参与,多中心地构建近距离的社会支持;倡导创造建构社会支持网络的良好社会与制度环境。     

Gender differences in faculty attrition in the USA

In this study, we examined possible gender differences in reasons for faculty attrition during the last 20 years at a small women's liberal arts college. The attrition rate was calculated from archival data collected through old college directories. As in earlier studies, the attrition rate was higher for women (31%) than for men (18.5%). Reasons for leaving the college were assessed in an online survey completed by 45 out of 66 tenure-track or tenured professors who left (excluding retirees). Work–family conflict was the most frequently cited reason for leaving, with disproportionately more women than men giving this reason. Open-ended responses revealed that work–family conflict typically referred to the difficulty of coordinating two careers. Female faculty who left were also significantly more dissatisfied than males with the support for balancing work and family life at the college. The need for colleges to create spousal policies to help faculty coordinate dual careers was discussed.     

“杨家将”创作文献接受史新论

"杨家将"文学作品经历了近千年积淀,从早期的宋代话本、金院本、元杂剧,到明代杂剧、传奇、小说,再到清代戏曲,形成了大量文人创作与民间艺术的结晶,成为俗文学代表作。由于特定时代社会、历史、文化所囿,各个时代的"杨家将"文学作品接受史研究表现出时代性、专有性和独特性。     

Assessment on the Quality of Democracy:the State and Problems

1.Comprehension of the quality of democracy The study of democratic quality stems from transitology or consolidology of democracy,which attempts to make well-bounded division between the procedure and outcome of democratization.Larry Diamond and Michael Coppedge,for instance,have understand the quality of democracy as a regime' s degree of democratization after its political transition,namely,the degree of the fulfillment of a polyarchy' s capabilities.Another definition defined by Arend Lijphart,as quoted,"the quality of democracy refers to the degree which a system meets such democratic norms as representativeness,accountability,equity,participation." in which two domains are highlighted:principles of democracy,and the degree for regimes to meet them.     

人力资源能力建设与我国创新型国家的建立

建设创新型国家,关键是创新人才的培养和广泛参与,这需要通过人力资源能力建设来推动该目标的实现。在20世纪90年代的10年里,中国人力资源能力建设大幅度提高,但仍面临若干问题,为适应中国加快创新型国家建设的需要,需要借鉴发达国家在人力资源能力建设方面的经验,强化人力资源能力建设过程中的关键点。     

阿富汗重建的特点及其面临的问题分析

阿富汗重建具有如下特点:涉及多方面的广泛内容和不同层次;是在国际社会的大力参与下展开的,尤其受到了美国和其他西方国家的影响;重建是阿富汗现代化发展的新阶段,强烈体现出当代的西方价值观和加快阿"发展"的意图;重建是阿富汗民族国家构建的重要发展阶段.重建的主要问题:过分依赖国际社会的援助;安全问题始终无法解决;经济重建仍存在各种问题.因此,阿富汗问题在一个较长的时期内仍无法获得根本解决.     

《左传》战争叙事与齐地尚勇风气

《左传》是先秦时期传记文学,以写战争名垂文学史,其中有很多笔墨是描写齐地勇士的。《左传》中与齐国相关的战争描写,刻画了殖绰等一大批勇士,体现了齐地尚勇的风气。     

我国东北工业发展60年:回顾与展望

东北地区工业经历了60年大规模的建设、改造和振兴,积累了许多可资借鉴的经验.从一定意义上说,没有东北老工业基地的贡献,就不会有共和国的快速发展和改革开放的成就.目前东北工业发展仍然面临着诸多的问题和困难,但总体上看,有利条件多于不利因素,特别是国家实施老工业基地振兴战略以来,东北地区经济实力和综合能力增强;国家扩大内需的政策和十大产业振兴规划,与东北工业结构吻合度高,从而必将给东北地区带来新的发展机会,并产生强劲的推动力.     

Model based labeling for mixture models

Label switching is one of the fundamental problems for Bayesian mixture model analysis. Due to the permutation invariance of the mixture posterior, we can consider that the posterior of a m-component mixture model is a mixture distribution with m! symmetric components and therefore the object of labeling is to recover one of the components. In order to do labeling, we propose to first fit a symmetric m!-component mixture model to the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples and then choose the label for each sample by maximizing the corresponding classification probabilities, which are the probabilities of all possible labels for each sample. Both parametric and semi-parametric ways are proposed to fit the symmetric mixture model for the posterior. Compared to the existing labeling methods, our proposed method aims to approximate the posterior directly and provides the labeling probabilities for all possible labels and thus has a model explanation and theoretical support. In addition, we introduce a situation in which the “ideally” labeled samples are available and thus can be used to compare different labeling methods. We demonstrate the success of our new method in dealing with the label switching problem using two examples.