高校考试制度的改革思路及其制约因素

高校考试制度改革存在着许多制约因素,考试制度改革倡导者与承担者在认识和利益上呈现分离状态。作为人才评价的一种方式,考试制度改革势在必行。树立科学的考试观念,设计多样化的考试形式和考试题型,科学管理试卷,有助于推动高校考试制度的改革。只有这样,才能逐步消除影响考试制度改革的制约因素,实现对人才的科学评价。     

推进城乡义务教育均衡发展的财政政策分析

教育的发展是关乎国家发展的大事,尤其是义务教育阶段的发展,直接关系着我国人才培养的质量和水平。近年来,由于教育政策的倾斜,出现了义务教育阶段的区域、城乡、校际以及教育群体之间的不均衡。文章从国家财政政策的角度对义务教育均衡发展问题进行分析,揭示了当前我国义务教育发展不均衡的基本状况,剖析了其根本原因所在,并从加大政府教育财政投入、合理分配各地区教育经费、建议实施区域内城乡生均均等化拨款制度和正确引导国民教育意识四个方面提出对策建议。     

外语学习中的监察与自我修正

编辑理论、激活扩散监察理论和循环理论是心理语言学的主要监察理论,其中循环理论是最具影响力的监察模式,监察使说话者不仅能发现自己的言语错误,还可以监察别人的言语失误。自我修正是监察过程的显性表现,说话者发现输出有错或不恰当时,便会阻止自己的语流,进行自发完成的修改。在心理语言学的框架中研究这些问题,我们发现它与外语教学研究有很大的相关性,既可以揭示语言学习中意识和注意研究的新方面,又清楚地显示出言语产出的自动化过程。这给外语教学和未来研究带来新的启示。     

英语专业四级听写错误类型及原因分析

短文听写一直是英语专业四级考试的瓶颈。本文通过对25名学生听写文本中所犯错误的逐一分析,发现学习 者存在5大类共14种类的听写错误:词汇错误、语法错误、漏写和添加错误、推断错误、顺序错误,并在此基础上绘制了听力错 误类型一览表。利用此表,可诊断学生所犯错误,提高避错意识和教学效果。     

习近平文化思想的价值、特质与内在逻辑

习近平文化思想坚持马克思主义的立场观点方法,坚守中华文化立场,是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇,是中国共产党最新的文化思想成果。习近平文化思想明确了新时代文化建设的路线图和任务书,具有鲜明的实践导向性,为新形势下宣传思想文化工作提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南。习近平文化思想具有丰富的价值意蕴,丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论,指明和标注了新时代新的文化使命,也为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供行动指南并注入强大精神动力。习近平文化思想展现出了时代特质,坚守人民立场和政治底色、坚持宏微结合和体用贯通,并彰显了民族特性与世界眼光。习近平文化思想坚持和实现了历史性与现实性的统一,文化本体与文化形态的统一,合规律性与合目的性的统一,内在发展和外在保障的统一。把握习近平文化思想的内在逻辑,有利于深刻认识和理解习近平文化思想生成、存在和发展的内外动因。     

矩阵秩的定义教学设计新探

矩阵的秩是线性代数中的一个重要的概念.区别于传统的矩阵秩的定义的教学设计,该文从矩阵的标准形是否唯一这一问题入手,将问题转化为初等变换是否改变矩阵非零子式的最高阶数这一问题,通过分析得到非零子式的最高阶数是初等变换过程中的不变量,从而引出了矩阵秩的概念.这样一种新的处理方式,不仅在引入上非常自然,而且能使学生认识到矩阵...     

The stratified win statistics (win ratio,win odds,and net benefit)

The win odds and the net benefit are related directly to each other and indirectly, through ties, to the win ratio. These three win statistics test the same null hypothesis of equal win probabilities between two groups. They provide similar p-values and powers, because the Z-values of their statistical tests are approximately equal. Thus, they can complement one another to show the strength of a treatment effect. In this article, we show that the estimated variances of the win statistics are also directly related regardless of ties or indirectly related through ties. Since its introduction in 2018, the stratified win ratio has been applied in designs and analyses of clinical trials, including Phase III and Phase IV studies. This article generalizes the stratified method to the win odds and the net benefit. As a result, the relations of the three win statistics and the approximate equivalence of their statistical tests also hold for the stratified win statistics.     

Generalized phase I-II designs to increase long term therapeutic success rate

Designs for early phase dose finding clinical trials typically are either phase I based on toxicity, or phase I-II based on toxicity and efficacy. These designs rely on the implicit assumption that the dose of an experimental agent chosen using these short-term outcomes will maximize the agent's long-term therapeutic success rate. In many clinical settings, this assumption is not true. A dose selected in an early phase oncology trial may give suboptimal progression-free survival or overall survival time, often due to a high rate of relapse following response. To address this problem, a new family of Bayesian generalized phase I-II designs is proposed. First, a conventional phase I-II design based on short-term outcomes is used to identify a set of candidate doses, rather than selecting one dose. Additional patients then are randomized among the candidates, patients are followed for a predefined longer time period, and a final dose is selected to maximize the long-term therapeutic success rate, defined in terms of duration of response. Dose-specific sample sizes in the randomization are determined adaptively to obtain a desired level of selection reliability. The design was motivated by a phase I-II trial to find an optimal dose of natural killer cells as targeted immunotherapy for recurrent or treatment-resistant B-cell hematologic malignancies. A simulation study shows that, under a range of scenarios in the context of this trial, the proposed design has much better performance than two conventional phase I-II designs.     

优化边缘地区产业布局增强天津城市辐射能力

一、天津产业空间演变与边缘地区发展 天津产业空间分布演变与城市空间拓展是一致的,从最初在中心城区聚集到向外扩散带动周边卫星城的发展,再到工业战略东移,天津的产业空间变化体现了不断向外推移的过程,形成了目前以中心城市地区为主的产业发展空间。在这个过程中,边缘地区发挥了重要作用,同时边缘地区不断融入城市中心并成为城市中心的一部分。     

新型能源替代化石能源的有效途径——低碳燃料排放标准

一旦谈论起“能源安全”和“大气变化”,交通运输就是罪魁祸首,因为它消耗了世界上一半的石油,并造成将近1／4的温室气体排放。在美国情况则更为严重,交通运输消耗了2／3的石油,形成了1／3的温室气体排放。由于汽车、飞机、轮船几乎完全依赖石油,为了能源安全和防治空气污染,