旅游日语教学初探

高质量的旅游日语教学是培养高素质的日语导游的基本条件之一。以贵州旅游日语为中心通过新旧教学方式及内容的对比,尝试改变传统的教学手段,并采取问卷调查和实地模拟导游的教学模式,研究和探讨适应贵州旅游人才培养的方案及措施。     

Competitive analysis of online machine rental and online parallel machine scheduling problems with workload fence

In this paper, we introduce the concept of “workload fence" into online machine rental and machine scheduling problems. With the knowledge of workload fence, online algorithms acquire the information of a finite number of first released jobs in advance. The concept originates from the frozen time fence in the domain of master scheduling in materials management. The total processing time of the jobs foreseen, corresponding to a finite number of jobs, is called workload fence, which is irrelevant to the job sequence. The remaining jobs in the sequence, however, can only become known on their arrival. This work aims to reveal whether the knowledge of workload fence helps to boost the competitive performance of deterministic online algorithms. For the online machine rental problem, we prove that the competitiveness of online algorithms can be improved with a sufficiently large workload fence. We further propose a best online algorithm for the corresponding scenario. For online parallel machine scheduling with workload fence, we give a positive answer to the above question for the case where the workload fence is equal to the length of the longest job. We also show that the competitiveness of online algorithms may not be improved even with a workload fence strictly larger than the largest length of a job. The results help one manager to make a better decision regarding the tradeoff between the performance improvement of online algorithms and the cost caused to acquire the knowledge of workload fence.

     

职务发明权属的模式反思与制度重构

我国职务发明制度肇生于计划经济时代，起初专利权由国家所有、单位持有的模式具有较为浓厚的时代特色。2000年《专利法》修改时将该规定删除，并建立了以法定权属规则为主，辅之以约定权属规则的“雇主主义”模式。尽管此次修法在一定程度上与我国的产业变革和技术革新需求相适配，但仍存在转化结构失调、激励机制失效和交易效率失衡等问题。横向考察国际视野下的职务发明权属制度可以发现，现有的雇主主义模式和雇员主义模式两种主要立法例均未臻完善。将专利权完全归属于雇主抑或是完全归属于雇员发明人，势必在二者之间产生职务发明权利分配不公的争议，进而导致雇主与雇员发明人之间的严重隔阂，从而抑制雇员发明人的创新活力或雇主的投资积极性。多数国家的做法是打破绝对的“雇主主义”和“雇员主义”立法路径，采取混合主义的立法模式。我国职务发明权属制度采取“雇主主义”模式是实现职务发明创造转化和运用的根本途径，但对于调动人的创新积极性增加财产总量仍存有不足之处。我国关于职务发明权属制度的改革应当着眼于三个方面：一是采取“执行任务”标准，限缩职务发明类型范围。首先，基于雇员发明人在劳动关系中的人身依附性，将“物质技术条件标准”排除出职...