The impact of emigration on national development in the Arab region: the case of the Yemen Arab Republic

"The focus of this article is the impact of emigration on national development in labor sending countries experiencing wide-scale emigration, the main contention being that, due to the characteristics of contemporary labor movements among Arab countries, there obtains a contradiction between short term benefits and long term adverse effects. The article briefly defines development, then presents empirical evidence from the Yemen Arab Republic of the negative impact of labor emigration."     

An innovative approach to selecting an executive director

As a guide for how to select a new executive director, a family agency adopted the search committee process from higher education. The approach included clarifying agency goals and the director's qualifications, a board-staff screening, and interviews held jointly with public representatives before final board selection.     

On the limiting properties of social indicators

Characteristics of the population and economic measures that constitute traditional social indicators are compared with more recent “quality of life” measures to demonstrate that social indicators are always value statements at the policy level. The possibility of alternative perspectives is illustrated. It is suggested that an awareness of the assumptions implicit in any given indicator is as important as the data they provide.     

蓖麻粗毒蛋白的提取及灭鼠试验

研究了从蓖麻籽和蓖麻饼粕中提取蓖麻粗毒蛋白的工艺条件,并对其进行了灭鼠试验。结果表明：这两种蓖麻粗毒蛋白杀鼠活性明显,小鼠死亡率均达100％。从对小鼠的致死速度来看,两者相差不大。这为进一步分离提纯杀鼠活性成分提供了基础,也为蓖麻作为植物源灭鼠剂的开发提供了依据。     

文化“汇流”:华人艺术家周文中与中华文化对外传播途径研究

努力提高中华文化的国际影响力是目前及未来一段时间我国对外传播工作的重中之重。而要提高国际影响力就要打破世界文化舞台上的“西方中心主义”,为中华文化的对外交流与传播创造有利条件。在这个问题上,著名美籍华人作曲家周文中倡导并践行的东西方文化“汇流”理念具有重要的借鉴意义。首先,传统与现代的汇流推动东西融合、古今一体,促进传统文化创新性发展。其次,经验与情感的汇流可以增进认知,建立好感,营造顺畅、有利的传播环境。最后,本土与国际的汇流有助于培养重视艺术传统、具备国际视野、贯通中西的艺术接班人。据此,以周文中为代表的华人艺术家借助中西方在“知识上”和“情感上”的共通之处,破除了“西方中心主义”并为中华文化更好地“走出去”创造了条件。其有益经验为不同文明交流互鉴、共同发展及当代中华文化对外传播提供了借鉴。     

网络时代农产品质量安全事件风险放大机制研究——基于价值累加理论的扎根分析

随着互联网的飞速发展,农产品质量安全事件借助网络媒体持续关联与聚合、发酵与扩散,极大地影响着公众的情感和态度,易引发集体非理性恐慌,网络时代信息扩散和迭代呈现全新特征和趋势,故加强农产品质量安全事件风险放大机制研究具有重要意义。基于斯梅尔塞的价值累加理论,结合“土坑酸菜”事件,利用Python技术获取媒体原始资料,对资料进行扎根编码分析,构建农产品质量安全事件风险放大机制模型。根据编码结果识别出农产品质量安全事件风险放大六大主范畴,包括结构性诱因、结构性紧张、一般化信念、(有效的)组织动员、社会控制、风险放大,将主范畴内容纳入价值累加理论六大因素中,分析表明农产品质量安全事件风险放大是以突发事件为分界点,分为前期蓄势、中期造势、紧急处理三个阶段,前期蓄势和中期造势阶段通过多轮循环相互反馈影响,最终放大农产品质量安全事件风险。在整个风险扩散过程中,网络是农产品质量安全事件风险的“社会放大站”,其加速了信息传播,强化了公众风险感知。本研究运用价值累加理论、基于宏观和微观整合层面,细化探究了网络时代农产品质量安全事件风险放大的完整过程机制,进一步完善了风险放大SARF研究框架,为相关研究做了有益补充。     

PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF BOUNDED RATIONALITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR DECISION-MAKING STRATEGIES

In this paper the implications of cognitive strain for decision-making effectiveness are explored. Literature concerning the psychological processes of decisionmakers which underlie the operation of cognitive strain and which predispose them to the effects of cognitive strain, is reviewed. Next, the impact of cognitive strain on narrowly constraining or “bounding” rational decision-making is examined, and the choice strategies of satisficing and incrementalizing are criticized as failing to broaden the bounds of rational decision-making. Finally, elements of an eclectic choice strategy designed to assist decision-makers handle the informational demands of complex decision problems are discussed.     

电商参与会促进农户农产品质量认证吗?——基于黄土高原苹果优势产区农户的分析

作为数字经济新业态的农产品电子商务成为促进农业高质量发展的有效途径。基于黄土高原苹果优势产区农户实地调研数据,使用多维固定效应模型分析电商参与对农户农产品质量认证的影响;利用中介效应模型和KHB方法剖析电商参与促进农户农产品质量认证的作用机制。研究结果表明:电商参与能够显著提升农户农产品质量认证的概率,同时增加了多重质量认证的可能;参与电商通过提高农户农产品质量认证意愿、增加农产品市场信息以及促进农产品品牌建设三个途径影响农产品质量认证。在此基础上,提出应加强农村信息基础设施建设与电商技术培训,提高农产品质量认证和品牌推广等对策,以此促进农户进行农产品质量认证,实现农业高质量发展。