语法与四个世界关系之断想

用三一语言学的四个世界理论,从语言世界、物理世界、心理世界、文化世界的角度解释语法,可以帮助我们认识语法与四个世界的关系,从而更深刻地理解语法现象.这是语法研究的一个新途径.     

从经济学视角重解李约瑟之谜

人口-资源禀赋的差异是中国和西欧在18世纪后文明分岔,即李约瑟之谜产生的原因。人口-资源禀赋的差异促进农业和手工业结合,阻碍市场扩大,限制技术创新。在这样的稳态的小农经济下,即使产生了一定程度的商品化生产和商品经济,但由于其运行规律和资本主义完全相悖,不可能导致工业革命的发生,这正是中国技术创新由领先变为落后的主要原因。当前,中国依然面临资源短缺的威胁,节约资源消耗、实现资源合理利用对于中国实行可持续发展依然具有现实意义。     

关于地区经济发展潜力指标体系的思考

社会经济量化研究是目前中国社会经济研究的主要方式，是符合当前国际社会经济研究发展潮流的，也是大势所趋。社会经济量化研究这一方式所借助的研究手段主要包含两个方面：一是建立科学、可行的指标体系；二是量化分析的方法或模型的应用。研究要取得成功，首先要有合理、科学的指标体系，在此基础上方能展开各种模型的应用，以达到对社会经济现象的新的认识。只有通过对地区经济发展从概念到实际内容的定性分析，并结合实际指标理论以及实现指标的可能性，方能对地区经济发展潜力评价指标体系以及一般评价指标体系的建立进行比较充分和完整的讨论。     

青藏高原多民族聚居区民族交往的调查研究——以青海省化隆县为例

化隆地区多元民族类型和多种宗教信仰决定了当地民族关系的历史复杂性;当地的多民族杂居特点是我国青藏高原地区民族杂居形态的一个缩影,将化隆县作为一个多民族聚居区民族交往的调查研究个案,有助于我们比较准确地把握青藏地区民族交往的特点与规律.     

文化视野下的汉语民族性特点

汉语的民族性特点是在与其他民族语长期接触和融合过程中形成的.文章立足于中西文化和中华文化广阔视域,从语词类聚、句法组织、修辞方式、表达习惯等角度对汉语的民族性特点进行了全面描写,同时结合民族历史、政治制度、社会背景、价值观念、认知心理等诸因素,给予了发生学解释.     

正确认识和大力发展个体私营经济

改革开放以来,个体私营经济从计划经济坚硬的土地上崭露头角,显示了较强的生命力。文章试从个体私营经济存在和发展的必然性及其曲折的发展过程入手,论述了其在国民经济发展中的作用,并提出个体私营等非公有制经济发展中存在的主要问题及对策     

网络、信息与统计

文章探讨在网络技术下,网络、信息与统计三者之间的关系,最终旨在阐述在信息经济时代,统计可能面对的一些挑战.     

Bayesian model comparison for compartmental models with applications in positron emission tomography

We develop strategies for Bayesian modelling as well as model comparison, averaging and selection for compartmental models with particular emphasis on those that occur in the analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) data. Both modelling and computational issues are considered. Biophysically inspired informative priors are developed for the problem at hand, and by comparison with default vague priors it is shown that the proposed modelling is not overly sensitive to prior specification. It is also shown that an additive normal error structure does not describe measured PET data well, despite being very widely used, and that within a simple Bayesian framework simultaneous parameter estimation and model comparison can be performed with a more general noise model. The proposed approach is compared with standard techniques using both simulated and real data. In addition to good, robust estimation performance, the proposed technique provides, automatically, a characterisation of the uncertainty in the resulting estimates which can be considerable in applications such as PET.     

Further results for parallel systems with two heterogeneous exponential components

In this paper, we investigate ordering properties of lifetimes of parallel systems with two independent heterogeneous exponential components with respect to likelihood ratio and hazard rate orders. Two sufficient conditions are provided for likelihood ratio and hazard rate orders to hold between the lifetimes of two parallel systems, respectively. Moreover, we extend the results from exponential case to the proportional hazard rate models. The results established here strength some of the results known in the literature. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results derived here as well.     

Composite quantile regression for varying-coefficient single-index models

ABSTRACT

The varying-coefficient single-index model (VCSIM) is a very general and flexible tool for exploring the relationship between a response variable and a set of predictors. Popular special cases include single-index models and varying-coefficient models. In order to estimate the index-coefficient and the non parametric varying-coefficients in the VCSIM, we propose a two-stage composite quantile regression estimation procedure, which integrates the local linear smoothing method and the information of quantile regressions at a number of conditional quantiles of the response variable. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators for the index-coefficient and varying-coefficients when the error is heterogeneous. When compared with the existing mean-regression-based estimation method, our simulation results indicate that our proposed method has comparable performance for normal error and is more robust for error with outliers or heavy tail. We illustrate our methodologies with a real example.