Control‐based imputation for sensitivity analyses in informative censoring for recurrent event data

In clinical trials, missing data commonly arise through nonadherence to the randomized treatment or to study procedure. For trials in which recurrent event endpoints are of interests, conventional analyses using the proportional intensity model or the count model assume that the data are missing at random, which cannot be tested using the observed data alone. Thus, sensitivity analyses are recommended. We implement the control‐based multiple imputation as sensitivity analyses for the recurrent event data. We model the recurrent event using a piecewise exponential proportional intensity model with frailty and sample the parameters from the posterior distribution. We impute the number of events after dropped out and correct the variance estimation using a bootstrap procedure. We apply the method to an application of sitagliptin study.     

A comparison study of computational methods of Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic in credit scoring

Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic (KS) is a standard measure in credit scoring. Currently, there are three computational methods of KS: method with equal-width binning, method with equal-size binning and method without binning. This paper compares the three methods in three aspects: Values, Rank Ordering of Scores and Geometrical Way. The computational results on the German Credit Data show that only the method without binning can produce a unique value of KS. It is further proved analytically that the method without binning yields the maximum value of KS among the three methods. The computational results also show that only the method with equal-size binning can be used to evaluate rank ordering of scores. Moreover, it is proved that all the three methods can be used to calculate KS in a geometric way.     

Coordination in a Single‐Supplier,Multi‐Retailer Distribution System: Supplier‐Facilitated Transshipments

We consider supplier‐facilitated transshipments for achieving supply chain coordination in a single supplier, multi‐retailer distribution system with non‐cooperative retailers. The previous transshipment literature has focused on coordination through retailer‐negotiated transshipments and thus does not consider the supplier's decision‐making. In contrast, in this study, we assume the supplier is an active participant in the system and we seek to understand how the supplier can facilitate the implementation of coordinating transshipments. We study a two‐period model with wholesale orders at the start of the first period and preventive transshipments performed at the start of the second period. Inspired by a supplier‐facilitated transshipment scheme observed in practice, we assume the supplier implements transshipments through a bi‐directional adjustment contract. Under this contract, each retailer can either buy additional inventory from, or sell back excess inventory to, the supplier. We show that coordination can be achieved through carefully designed contracts with state‐dependent adjustment prices and a wholesale price menu. We demonstrate that the supplier's role in facilitating coordinating transshipments is critical. In addition, we use our understanding of the coordinating contract form to derive some simpler and easier‐to‐implement heuristic contracts. We use a numerical study to demonstrate the value, to the supplier, of using the coordinating adjustment and wholesale prices, and to evaluate the heuristics’ performance.     

“真理”与“方法”——论卢梭的思想图景与书写方式

不同的书写方式与诠释方式产生了思想的不同面向。应当根据具体文脉而非外在要素来检审卢梭思想的诠释方式,实现诠释与卢梭思想自我理解的同一。卢梭思想揭示了人类的政治与哲学的生存处境,并对这种生存处境提供了回应方案,形成了一个思想整体。政治哲人卢梭的隐微与显白书写彰显了卢梭思想的内在张力。对卢梭书写方式的阐发将有助于为卢梭思想的诠释提供恰当的路径。     

2011年文艺学研究有关的几个问题

一个学科要想获得发展,必须处理好两个彼此相关的问题:其一是对当下社会文化重大问题的回应能力;其二是将这些问题的回应与本学科自身的关联梳理清楚。通过对2011年与文艺学研究有关的几个问题及其讨论(包括"艺术学升‘门’"、"文学经验"、"文学形式"、"视觉文化"等)的清理,可以发现文艺学研究必须要积极应对和处理与相邻学科的关系、本学科内部的研究范式以及在当代文化重要问题中推动学科的发展。     

组织吸收能力研究:理论回顾与整合框架

吸收能力正在成为组织研究的新兴重要领域,已有的研究取得了很多共识,但在吸收能力的内涵、构念和测量上还存在诸多分歧,需要进一步从学习创新、知识能力和管理认知角度对吸收能力内涵的演化与发展,研究方法、测量和模型进行深入地研究,提出该领域研究中未来研究的视角和方向。     

生态学马克思主义的发展轨迹探析

生态学马克思主义的思想发展经历了一个显著的变化:从坚持生态中心主义立场到坚持人类中心主义立场;从反对现代化到主张生态社会主义现代化;从赞成"基层民主"到反对"基层民主";从追求生态正义到追求社会正义。这些变化表明其最终摆脱了深生态学的影响,在一定程度上坚持了马克思主义,成为当代西方最具红色标志的绿色思想。     

论文化哲学的方法论意蕴

文化哲学所具有的独特性,绝不仅仅表现为一系列新颖的理论观点,方法论革新与进化也是其所追求的重要理论主旨。虽然文化哲学的样态多样,但其方法论原理清晰可辨,主要体现为"从人与文化的关系切入"、"凸显历时意识"、"追求整体取向"和"强调价值诉求"。这一方法论原理具有深刻的实践应用意义,可以作为理论框架分析多种具体对象。     

我国农业生态环境恶化的制度成因探析

本文认为,当前我国日益严峻的农业生态环境与现行的农地制度息息相关。通过分析现行农地制度存在的主要问题,及它对农业生态环境可持续利用的不利影响,指出现行农地制度是造成我国农业生态环境日益恶化的主要制度成因。就此,得出应对现行农地制度进行适度调整,建立有利于农业可持续发展的农地产权制度安排;稳定土地承包经营权,规范农地流转制度;实行有利于生态环境的农业补贴方式。     

存在领导者的自组织群组评价技术及应用

针对传统群组评价中存在的主客观约束问题和领导者的“超权威”效应,本文提出了一种存在领导者的自组织群组评价技术.首先,群组专家进行选择性评价,以克服客体不同质对主体造成的认知困境;其次,根据评价的信度与效度修正专家意见,并通过自回归函数进行迭代,使其与领导者意见达成一致,以避免因时间限制或专家不愿修改意见而对评价活动产生影响,另外,根据加权后的一致性意见进行评价,能兼顾领导者的权威性与群组成员表达的充分性;最后,给出了应用实例.结果表明本文方法简单、可操作,更有利于大规模群组评价活动的开展.