高职院校培养创新型人才的校园文化建设探析

创新型人才培养是当今社会人才培养的主要目标。高职教育是高等教育的重要组成部分,所以高职院校应加大对创新型人才培养的力度,重点是要把高职学生创新素质的培养融入到隐形课程——高职校园文化,包括观念文化、制度文化、校风文化、组织文化和物质文化等内容的建设中。     

比例原则的中国宪法规范基础新论——以宪法第33条为中心

要实现比例原则的司法适用,需首先为其在宪法文本中找到规范基础。比例原则的本质应是"公民与国家之间权利义务的对称性",由此提出并论证以中国宪法第33条为比例原则的规范基础。法院可在判决中,通过该条款进行合宪性法律解释,为运用比例原则说明理由。以此为起点,比例原则的司法适用还有待于推动进一步的宪政改革,明确比例原则的司法技术定位,以及案例指导制度、司法解释制度的跟进。     

城乡二元结构下的农村文化建设:现实逻辑与动力机制

文章借助对城乡二元结构下农村文化建设的现实逻辑和内涵特征分析,基于"主体—载体—客体—结构—机制—目标"的框架对当前我国农村文化建设面临的多重困境进行新的诠释,并以此提出和构建农村文化发展的动力机制。     

Academic Performance of Subsequent Schools and Impacts of Early Interventions: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Head Start Settings

The role of subsequent school contexts in the long-term effects of early childhood interventions has received increasing attention, but has been understudied in the literature. Using data from the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP), a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in Head Start programs, we investigate whether the intervention had differential effects on academic and behavioral outcomes in kindergarten if children attended high- or low-performing schools subsequent to the preschool intervention year. To address the issue of selection bias, we adopt an innovative method, principal score matching, and control for a set of child, mother, and classroom covariates. We find that exposure to the CSRP intervention in the Head Start year had significant effects on academic and behavioral outcomes in kindergarten for children who subsequently attended high-performing schools, but no significant effects on children attending low-performing schools. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

日本政府钓鱼岛事件对策的演变及其原因

20世纪70年代以来,日本政府的钓鱼岛事件对策,虽基本立场未有微动,但在具体方式上却经历了从政治处理、政治和司法二元处理到司法处理的转换。这种转换之所以可视为有其必然性,主要在于日方对钓鱼岛事件在对华关系格局中的定位和成为决定事件处理方针制约要素的日本政治及国际政治的状况已发生重大变化。     

China’s Demographic Future Under the New Two-Child Policy

China implemented the two-child policy in 2016, however, potential impacts of this new policy on its population reality have not been adequately understood. Using population census data and 1% population sampling data during the period of 1982–2015, this study develops a fertility simulation model to explore the effects of the two-child policy on women’s total fertility rate, and employs Cohort Component Method in population projections to examine China’s demographic future with different fertility regimes. The fertility simulation results reveal that the two-child policy will make significantly positive effects on China’s total fertility rate through increasing second births, leading to a sharp but temporary increase in the first 5 years after the implementation of the new policy. In addition, population projections using simulated total fertility rates show that the Chinese population would reach its peak value around the middle 2020s and be faced with the reduction of labor force supply and rapid aging process, featured with remarkable increases in both size and share of the elderly population. The findings suggest that the two-child policy would undoubtedly affect China’s fertility rates and demographic future; however, the effects are mild and temporary.

     

基于产品生命周期的多阶段剩余收益项目决策模型

剩余收益模型（Residual Income Model,RIM）是评估公司权益价值的经典模型,特别地,奥尔森系列剩余收益模型由于可以利用历史财务与会计数据而得到广泛运用。本文在一般剩余收益模型的基础上,运用规范研究、逻辑推理等方法,基于产品生命周期理论,即项目处于产品生命周期的不同阶段时,其净资产收益率不同,在增长期的净资产收益率持续上升,衰退期的净资产收益率持续下降,而成熟期的净资产收益率则围绕行业平均水平波动,从理论上就项目投资价值的评估构建了多阶段剩余收益项目决策模型,并就所构建的多阶段剩余收益项目决策模型进行参数赋值分析。研究结果表明该新构建的决策模型具有较好的理论和运用价值,可以作为一种有效的项目投资决策模型。本文的研究一是拓展了剩余收益模型的应用,从主要用于对公司权益价值的估值拓展至对项目投资决策的评估;二是有利于寻求项目投资决策的价值最大化。     

对山西省城乡居民生活质量问题的探讨

生活质量是对人们生活的全面评价,它不但反映人们满足其生存和发展需要的各方面情况特征,也反映一个国家或地区经济发展水平。对生活质量的研究既包括生活的客观方面,也包括主观方面。为改善山西城乡居民生活质量,应采取提高居民收入水平、关注影响居民幸福的因素、改变城乡居民子女教育观念等措施。     

辩诉交易制度：诉讼效率与公正的取舍

辩诉交易作为一项刑事司法制度,现已成为美国刑事司法制度得以正常运转的制度保障,在英国、加拿大、德国、意大利等许多国家和地区也得到了广泛而深入的发展。笔者通过梳理辩诉交易制度的起源,以诉讼效率与公正为视角来分析辩诉交易制度的价值所在,认为辩诉交易制度通过减少诉讼中的投入和缩短诉讼时间能极大地提高诉讼效率,辩诉交易的实质就是追求刑事司法的相对公正。结合我国的诉讼制度和司法现实,辩诉交易制度的实行需要有相关的制度为保障。     

提升高校党的基层组织治理能力的思考

当前高校党的基层组织存在覆盖面不够广、战斗堡垒作用不强、轻党建、重教学甚至部分党员党的意识淡化,组织软弱涣散等现象。通过分析指出,加强党的基层建设与高校的教学科研并非此消彼长的关系,而是相互促进、共同发展的关系;提出了如何在人、财、物方面给予基层组织支持,保持党员的先进性和纯洁性、增强基层组织战斗力和凝聚力等一系列加强基层党组织建设的有力措施。