China’s flexible overseas food strategy: food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asia and China in 1990–2015

Using the UN Comtrade database and multiple sources of agricultural investment data, this paper outlines the emerging patterns of food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asian countries and China. The paper shows that China has adopted a flexible overseas food strategy. First, China has increased food export and shifted its food trade with Southeast Asia from a dependent relationship towards a complementary relationship at the regional level in recent years. Second, China tends to adapt to the existing conditions of food production and trade in Southeast Asian countries instead of fundamentally altering them. Finally, Chinese overseas agricultural investment is less driven by domestic food demand but more oriented for profit making, and this gives it flexibility in diversifying investment. An adequate understanding of China’s flexible food strategy in bilateral and multilateral relationships holds implications for global food security.     

大学生另类行为思考

当代大学生群体中突出存在着语言另类、穿着另类、示爱另类、宠物另类、节日另类等另类行为。创新性思维发展、情感的冲动和波动性、自制力较差、追求个性释放与叛逆性格以及排解心理压力的需要等心理因素是其根源所在。对另类行为,我们既不可全盘肯定,也不能一味否定,而应给以适当的引导,使其真正体现大学生的个性差异和个性发展。     

大众文化对青少年闲暇生活的影响

20世纪末,中国社会文化经历着一场深刻的转向,大众文化的流行颠履了经典的生活方式、行为习惯、思维方式、审美情趣和价值观念,时尚文化、消费文化、快餐文化、娱乐文化对青少年的闲暇生活产生了重要的影响,开展闲暇教育,成为一个顺应时代发展要求的必然课题。     

On extreme order statistics from heterogeneous beta distributions with applications

This paper treats the problem of stochastic comparisons for the extreme order statistics arising from heterogeneous beta distributions. Some sufficient conditions involved in majorization-type partial orders are provided for comparing the extreme order statistics in the sense of various magnitude orderings including the likelihood ratio order, the reversed hazard rate order, the usual stochastic order, and the usual multivariate stochastic order. The results established here strengthen and extend those including Kochar and Xu (2007 Kochar, S.C., Xu, M. (2007). Stochastic comparisons of parallel systems when components have proportional hazard rates. Probab. Eng. Inf. Sci. 21:597–609.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Mao and Hu (2010 Mao, T., Hu, T. (2010). Equivalent characterizations on orderings of order statistics and sample ranges. Probab. Eng. Inf. Sci. 24:245–262.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Balakrishnan et al. (2014 Balakrishnan, N., Barmalzan, G., Haidari, A. (2014). On usual multivariate stochastic ordering of order statistics from heterogeneous beta variables. J. Multivariate Anal. 127:147–150.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and Torrado (2015 Torrado, N. (2015). On magnitude orderings between smallest order statistics from heterogeneous beta distributions. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 426:824–838.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). A real application in system assembly and some numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the theoretical results.     

The Bayes rule of the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model under Stein's loss

For the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model, we analytically calculate the Bayes rule (estimator) with respect to a prior distribution IG (alpha, beta) under Stein's loss function. This estimator minimizes the posterior expected Stein's loss (PESL). We also analytically calculate the Bayes rule and the PESL under the squared error loss. Finally, the numerical simulations exemplify that the PESLs depend only on alpha and the number of observations. The Bayes rules and PESLs under Stein's loss are unanimously smaller than those under the squared error loss.     

Penalised spline estimation for generalised partially linear single-index models

Generalised linear models are frequently used in modeling the relationship of the response variable from the general exponential family with a set of predictor variables, where a linear combination of predictors is linked to the mean of the response variable. We propose a penalised spline (P-spline) estimation for generalised partially linear single-index models, which extend the generalised linear models to include nonlinear effect for some predictors. The proposed models can allow flexible dependence on some predictors while overcome the “curse of dimensionality”. We investigate the P-spline profile likelihood estimation using the readily available R package mgcv, leading to straightforward computation. Simulation studies are considered under various link functions. In addition, we examine different choices of smoothing parameters. Simulation results and real data applications show effectiveness of the proposed approach. Finally, some large sample properties are established.     

互联网金融发展对中国经济增长影响的实证

文章从内生增长理论视角出发,在线性内生增长AK模型的基础上,将影响中国宏观经济增长的关键变量简化为资本边际产出率、储蓄-投资转换率和储蓄率,进而结合中国互联网金融发展指数以及中国2011-2015年的有关时间序列数据,对互联网金融发展指数和上述变量相关性进行实证研究,结果表明互联网金融的发展对上述变量均能产生正向影响,互联网金融的发展能够有效促进中国宏观经济的增长.     

交通基础设施、空间溢出与经济增长关系的实证分析

文章构建中国2000-2015年间30个省份多样化的空间面板数据,采用极大似然估计、空间杜宾模型及偏微分方法,实证测度了中国交通基础设施对经济增长的空间溢出效应.研究发现,铁路在地理距离作用下对经济增长正向显著,在其他作用下不显著;公路在经济、产业和技术距离作用下高度显著,而在地理距离作用下不显著.综合距离作用分析表明,公路对经济增长存在积极的溢出效应,在统计上正向显著;而铁路则存在较弱的影响,且未通过显著性检验.     

新型城镇化发展质量提升创新驱动因素的实证分析

文章构建“创新驱动”视角下的新型城镇化发展质量评价指标体系,并测算出2000-2015年江、浙、沪的新型城镇化发展质量状况.依据三个地区“创新驱动”视角下的新型城镇化发展质量和影响因素的面板数据构建了随机效应变截矩模型,研究发现人力资本、技术创新、机构创新和制度创新等创新驱动因素对江、浙、沪新型城镇化发展质量提升起到重要的推动作用.