Loneliness and Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese Undergraduates: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy

Previous studies have shown a negative relationship between loneliness and one’s subjective well-being. However, it has not been fully examined within the Chinese context which highlights the importance of social relationship and interpersonal harmony for one’s life, and the mechanism between them has not been thoroughly explored. Based on social cognitive theory, this study examined the main effects of loneliness on individuals’ stress, depression, and life satisfaction, as well as the mediating effect of self-efficacy between them. Survey data were obtained from 444 Chinese undergraduates. The results of multiple regressions revealed that loneliness was negatively correlated with life satisfaction and positively correlated with stress and depression. Moreover, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between loneliness and stress, as well as depression, and fully mediated the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

     

基本养老服务制度建设的理论阐释和政策框架

随着人口老龄化程度的加深,养老服务已经成为政府和全社会关注的重大民生工程。其中,基本养老服务制度建设成为一个关键议题。文章认为,如果这一关键议题不搞清楚,势必会影响养老服务的路径选择,甚至影响所选择的养老服务的发展路线和发展道路是否顺畅。为此,文章结合已经出台的养老服务政策,首先,从社会政策理论的角度阐明在什么情况下要建立基本养老制度,以及社会福利体制与基本养老服务制度建设的关系;其次,对养老服务制度建设的意识形态理据和中国养老服务模型的选择进行阐述,据此提出混合经济的养老服务模型,认为必须建立基本养老制度,厘清政府与市场之间的关系和界限;再次,提出基本养老服务制度的政策框架。     

产业转型背景下企业的工资激励效应分析

文章基于2012年17个省份不同类型企业的2 229份员工调查数据,运用White异方差一致协方差估计和有序Probit模型,实证分析了在产业转型的大趋势中转型企业的工资激励效应。研究结果表明,转型企业对员工进行了工资激励,国有转型企业的工资激励更为明显。在资源有限的制约下,国有转型企业采用了结构性的效率工资,重点对男性、中年、高学历、工作经验丰富及重要岗位员工给予了高报酬激励,提高了员工的积极性。工资激励、特别是对核心员工的效率工资激励对留住人才、充分调动核心员工的主观能动性至关重要,既可以帮助企业熨平发展的障碍,也能为企业的转型升级带来推动力。     

新农合对四川藏区的减贫效应分析

The New Rural Cooperative Medi-cal System ( hereafter NRCMS) in Tibetan areas of Sichuan was started in Wenchuan in 2005 , and by 2008 covered all of the province’s Tibetan areas. This paper studies the effects of the NRCMS on im-proving the health of and alleviating poverty for farmers and herdsmen in Tibetan area of Sichuan. Most parts of the Tibetan areas of Sichuan are located in high altitude districts. Thirty two coun-ties of these areas are classified as “National Pov-erty Counties”. Poverty and disease go hand in hand in these regions. Kashin-Beck disease and hydatid disease are the major endemics in the pas-toral and agro-pastoral areas of Sichuan. Endemic, infectious and chronic diseases are widespread in Sichuan’s Tibetan areas. More than 70% of pa-tients are workers from 20 to 60 years old. Disea-ses are more prevalent in women than in men. Kashin-Beck disease and hydatid disease are cur-rently incurable. Patients suffer from health prob-lems, which leads to a decrease in their income and the heavy burden of medical expenses. The new rural cooperative medical system alleviates the negative effects of farmers’ falling into, or back in-to poverty due to disease. However, the existing medical compensation mechanism is not sufficient to solve the problem. The greatest impact of NRCMS on the farmers and herdsmen in Sichuan’s Tibetan areas is that the system has gradually changed local people’s medi-cal behavior, as well as their underlying ideas a-bout medicine: they begin to believe in hospitals. In particular, more pregnant women are choosing to give birth in hospitals, which reduces the rate of infant mortality and postpartum diseases, and im-proves the health of women. Since the full coverage of the NRCMS in 2008 , the number of people participating in the system has reached the overall average level of Si-chuan province. By analyzing the data before and after the implementation of this system, and meas-uring the impact of the system on people’s health, it can be found that the NRCMS’s role in serving the vulnerable population, such as the elderly and infant children, is more marked. Since the implementation of the NRCMS, all administrative villages in Sichuan Tibetan areas have established village clinics, which solved the problem of a shortage of medicines and doctors in those areas. Farmers and herdsmen have conven-ient access to medical treatment, enhancing the ac-cessibility of medical service. After the implemen-tation of the NRCMS, the health of the elderly population in rural areas has improved. Infant mor-tality rates have dramatically fallen. The implementation of the NRCMS improved the medical service capacity of township hospitals and village clinics. And the NRCMS has brought the township hospitals and village clinics into its scope of compensation, which greatly promotes the utilization of primary medical services in Tibetan areas. The poverty reduction effect of the NRCMS can be analyzed from two aspects:Firstly, the im-
provement in health leads to increased income, be-cause good health can promote labor productivity. Meanwhile, the increase in income will in turn im-prove the overall level of health. Secondly, the in-patient and outpatient compensation rate is raised year by year, which reduces the medical fees of farmers, and prevents them from falling back into poverty.     

“比较视野中的灾难与激变:感知与应对”国际人类学工作坊报告会综述

“比较视野中的灾难与激变:感知与应对”国际人类学工作坊于2015年10月16日-18日在西南民族大学举行了工作报告会,来自世界8个国家和地区的30余家学术机构的40位专家学者围绕着“人文视野下的灾难与激变”、“有关灾难与激变的理论反思”、“在灾难与激变中反思社会-政治关系”、“灾后重建中的社区恢复与文化重塑”、“关于灾难的记忆、叙述与情感”、“灾难的感知与呈现”、“关于灾难的艺术呈现”这7个专题进行了深入的学术交流探讨.     

李大钊史学思想形成的职业条件

李大钊的史学思想形成于19世纪20年代中国史学近代化的过程之中。中国近代新式学校教育普遍实行以来,许多史学家都是以史学专业教育或研究为职业而成名成家的,李大钊也不例外。李大钊1920年7月开始了近七年的北京大学史学教授的生涯。北京大学史学教授职业为李大钊提供了施展才能的契机与舞台。李大钊史学思想的形成与北京大学史学教授职业的职责要求以及其本人的尽心尽责的履职是密不可分的。李大钊在史学教授的岗位上,积极参与北京大学史学系的教学研究和课程改革,认真教诲学生,大力提携青年。在这个教学相长的过程中,师者李大钊也受到诸多启发,成为丰富其史学思想的重要途径之一。     

中国极地研究的新视角、新进展

极地问题是国内外学界关注的一个热点与前沿问题,研究的成果丰硕,目前在中国已基本形成了三大分支派别:政策学研究、国际关系学研究和国际法学研究。其中政策学研究是目前最有影响的派别之一,代表性的著作成果有《极地国家政策研究报告(2012-2013)》,该研究报告具有鲜明的研究特点:一是"资源-利益-政策"的极地研究方法;二是清晰的极地国家利益概念;三是理论与实践相结合的极地研究框架;四是极地研究内容的深刻完整与现实性。其对学界的极地研究和中国政府的极地战略决策具有重要参考价值。     

从意识形态和诗学看《道德经》的英译

《道德经》是道家创始人老子的经典之作,语言凝练简洁,意义丰富,哲理深厚。勒菲弗尔指出翻译是处于意识形态和诗学控制之下对源文的改写。赞助人影响意识形态,而专业人士更加关注诗学。本文主要从意识形态和诗学角度解读《道德经》的英译,分析意识形态和诗学对《道德经》翻译的影响。     

中国应急管理结构变化及其理论概化

在系统思维的意义上,中国应急管理实践存在着社会变迁、治理转型、政府架构、政策体系、运行机制五个维度的内在结构。以2003年"非典"疫情至2013年"芦山地震"十年间的重大灾害为研究对象,通过比较案例研究,讨论中国应急管理在这五个尺度上的结构变化。总体来看,中国应急管理结构固化与结构演进并存,目前以结构固化为主,但也存在推动结构演进的动力。通过归纳逻辑和类比方式,可以对中国应急管理的结构固化进行理论概化,提出"彗星"结构与"彗尾"效应,形成关于中国应急管理结构变化的理论命题。中国应急管理脱离结构单独推进是陷入目前发展困境的根本原因,因此,中国应急管理的发展需要回归结构,顺势而为,推动应急管理的结构演进。     

对外开放对中国收入分配的影响——“南方谈话”和“入世”后效果的实证检验

对外开放促进了劳动力流动,从而也影响了中国的收入分配,但其对不同类型劳动者收入的影响不尽相同。使用1988—2008年个人和家庭层面的微观数据,采用分位数回归方法,以1992年邓小平"南方谈话"和2001年中国加入世界贸易组织("入世")两大重要事件作为衡量对外开放的外生变量,实证检验对外开放对中国收入分配的影响,可以发现:对外开放对收入差距的影响在不同时期有所差异,对城市与农村的影响也截然不同。就"南方谈话"后的第一阶段对外开放而言,其在一定程度上缩小了总体和城市内部的收入差距;就"入世"后的第二个阶段对外开放而言,其对总体收入差距的影响并不显著。"入世"拉大了城市高端和中端收入群体的收入差距,但也带来了农村居民收入的提高,从而在某种程度上缓解了总体收入差距的扩大。