互联网深化、信息不确定性与企业出口平稳性

互联网作为信息搜寻和传播的重要渠道,有利于缓解国际市场不确定性对企业出口决策的影响,从而有助于稳定企业出口预期,保障出口企业的持续生存。本文首先基于Fernandes 和 Tang(2014)的研究框架将互联网深化程度和出口集聚同时纳入到异质性贸易企业模型,在剥离出口集聚对企业出口行为影响的基础上,从理论视角揭示了互联网深化程度提高影响企业出口行为特别是出口持续生存的内在机理与方向。研究发现,不同于出口集聚会同时影响企业的需求冲击和成本冲击,互联网深化带来的信息溢出效应会通过贝叶斯法则(Bayesian Rule)使得企业修正其对国际市场不确定性的预期,提高其对目的国市场成本冲击的估计精度,从而在互联网深化程度较高的城市,企业进入出口市场的临界生产率较低,有利于其出口参与度和出口稳定性的提高。然而互联网深化程度提高不影响企业在目的国市场产品出口的集约边际。本文使用2000-2013 年中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库和中国城市统计年鉴数据库的匹配数据从企业-目的国-产品层面实证检验了本文的理论命题。研究表明,我国政府应充分发挥互联网发展降低信息不确定性的微观机制,以推动外贸的平稳增长。     

印度GDP核算概况

本文以印度《国民账户体系:来源与方法(2012)》为基础,通过搜集、汇总大量有关资料,着重研究印度GDP核算工作,系统阐述了印度GDP核算方法、资料来源、数据发布与修订等内容,为中国GDP核算发展提供经验借鉴。     

《论语》“有朋”“束脩”“忠焉”考释——兼论孔子教育思想

“有朋”之“朋”,包咸、郑玄以及《论语》早期注疏本都注为“同门”。考“有朋”章前后所论,均为对本门弟子的要求或训诫,并未涉及“友人”来访的语境,因此“友朋”之说必为抄本之误;《论语》中“朋友”出现八例,无一例作“友朋”,“友朋”组合也不见于春秋及以前文献。今译“朋”为“朋友”似是而非,因为现代汉语“朋友”已偏指“友”,没有“同门”之义,不能准确阐释原意。《述而》中“束脩”历代注为求学的见面礼,但黄式三、李泽厚等取“束带修饰”及“年十五”之说,参考敦煌、吐鲁番等出土文献整理的《唐写本〈论语郑氏注〉》残卷,可证“束脩”表示成年之说是对郑玄注的断章取义。孟子阐释“教人以善谓之忠”是“忠”在先秦的一般用义,其用法不限于臣对君或下对上;《宪问》中“忠焉”章孔子论述的教育思想,至今仍具有科学性、进步性。     

Ethical Numbers: Ethics Training in U.S. Graduate Statistics Programs, 2013–2014

As important members of research teams, statisticians bear an ethical responsibility to analyze, interpret, and report data honestly and objectively. One way of reinforcing ethical responsibilities is through required courses covering a variety of ethics-related topics at the graduate level. We assessed ethics requirements for graduate-level statistics training programs in the United States for the 2013–2014 academic year using the websites of 88 universities, examining 103 biostatistics programs, and 136 statistics degree programs. We categorized programs’ ethics training requirements as required or not required. Thirty-one (35.1%) universities required an ethics course for at least some degree students. Sixty-two (25.5%) degree programs required an ethics course for at least some students. The majority (77.4%) of required courses were worth 0 or 1 credit. Of the 177 programs without an ethics requirement, 19 (10.7%) listed an ethics elective. Although a single ethics course is insufficient for instilling an ethical approach to science, degree programs that model expectations through coursework point to the value of ethics in science. More training programs should prepare statisticians to consider the ethical dimensions of their work through required coursework. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Modifications of sequential designs in bioequivalence trials

Bioequivalence (BE) studies are designed to show that two formulations of one drug are equivalent and they play an important role in drug development. When in a design stage, it is possible that there is a high degree of uncertainty on variability of the formulations and the actual performance of the test versus reference formulation. Therefore, an interim look may be desirable to stop the study if there is no chance of claiming BE at the end (futility), or claim BE if evidence is sufficient (efficacy), or adjust the sample size. Sequential design approaches specially for BE studies have been proposed previously in publications. We applied modification to the existing methods focusing on simplified multiplicity adjustment and futility stopping. We name our method modified sequential design for BE studies (MSDBE). Simulation results demonstrate comparable performance between MSDBE and the original published methods while MSDBE offers more transparency and better applicability. The R package MSDBE is available at https://sites.google.com/site/modsdbe/ . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Premium of Endowment Insurance for Civil Servants will be Paid by Employers and Individuals

There is finally precise information about the reform in endowment insurance to abolish the"double-track system".On December 23,2014,Mr.Ma Kai,Vice Premier of the State Council,delivered a work report on behalf of the State Council at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People’s Congress about the progress made in comprehensively advancing the establishment of urban     

美国、中国与朝鲜停战谈判中的战俘遣返问题

在1951年6月至1953年7月的朝鲜停战谈判中，战俘遣返问题是谈判双方争论最为激烈、耗时最长的议题。美国出于冷战需要，拒不同意遣返所有被俘朝中人员；而朝中方面则依据关于战俘遣返问题的日内瓦公约，要求遣返所有战俘。由于在此问题上僵持不下，致使谈判几次陷于停顿。最终，谈判双方各自做出一定让步，使得战俘遣返问题得以解决，为朝鲜停战协定的签订消除了最后也是最大的一个障碍。     

货币增速剪刀差与股票价格波动的相关性实证研究--基于结构突变视角

为深入认知我国货币政策与股票市场间的传导机制,在阐述结构突变理论,揭示数据生成过程运行轨迹的基础上,选用2004年1月至2012年8月的月度数据,以货币增速剪刀差和上证综合指数为考察指标,利用滤波图分析、外生性与BLS内生性结构突变单位根检验及Granger因果关系检验方法,实证检验两者关系。表明货币增速剪刀差序列服从平稳过程,上证指数序列为含有在2006年9月和2007年7月发生结构突变的平稳过程。上证指数与货币增速剪刀差之间存在单向因果关系。     

德行领导对员工创新行为的影响---工作繁荣与情感承诺的作用*

研究表明，德行领导作为家长式领导的核心维度，对员工行为有重要影响，但现有研究忽视了员工工作状态的重要作用。本文基于自我决定理论，以员工工作繁荣为中介，探讨德行领导对员工创新行为的影响，并从社会认同的情感视角出发，考察了情感承诺在上述关系间的调节作用。研究表明，德行领导对员工工作繁荣与创新行为均存在显著正向影响；员工工作繁荣对其创新行为存在显著正向影响；员工工作繁荣在德行领导与创新行为之间起部分中介作用；情感承诺调节了德行领导对员工创新行为的影响，情感承诺越高，德行领导对员工创新行为的影响越显著。