教师话语中模糊限制语的使用及其语用功能分析

语言的模糊性是自然语言的固有属性,在交际中起着非常重要的作用。本文首先介绍了模糊限制语的国内外研究,接着讨论了教师话语在英语教学课堂交际中的重要作用,最后以中国传统教学模式IRF下教师提问话语和教师反馈话语为切入点,分析讨论了模糊限制语在教师话语中的使用及其语用功能。     

"中国-西方"的寓言——《K》、《我爱比尔》、《上海宝贝》之跨国恋分析

这三部小说都是由女性作家书写的,讲述中国女人与外国男人的情感纠葛.文中的中国男人要么缺席,要么具有生理障碍.取而代之的是强悍的西方男人,他们成了这些女主角追逐的对象.通过外国男性形象来反观中国人的个人生存状况,可以见出他们文化身份的困境和自我的迷失,这种跨国婚恋实质上是中西文化碰撞的一个表现.总的来说,三部小说的诸多共同点构成了"中国-西方"的寓言.     

也谈简体字

在政治更迭、文化变迁的大叙事中，小小的文字变化最能体现大时代的风貌。古有始皇帝威权下的“书同文”，今有上世纪五十年代初旨在“汉字拉丁化”的“文字简化运动”。简化字与繁体字争议的背后，是政治激进主义与文化保守主义的思想交锋，或者说是中华历史文化断裂与传承的别一选择。周清泉先生关于“汉字简化方案”实施中的管见，因于当时话语权被肆意剥夺而无处表达，本刊编发该文，一是提供关于汉字简化的反思与总结，二是彰显学人发表独立见解的历史进步。     

Substitution and Stratification: The Interplay between Dyadic and Systemic Proximity in Global Trade, 1993–2005

This article examines the interplay of homophily (similarity breeds connection) at two levels in international trade—dyadic similarity (geographic, political, and cultural proximity) and systemic similarity (structural equivalence and world‐system status). First, there is a substitution effect between dyadic homophily and systemic homophily from structural equivalence. Both types of homophily generate favorable social structure that facilitates international trade. The existence of structural equivalence lessens the dependence of bilateral trade on dyadic homophily. Second, there is a stratification effect of world‐system status on dyadic homophily. Geographic homophily matters the most for bilateral trade between two noncore countries, while political and cultural homophily is the most influential for trade between a core country and a noncore country. These two findings have important implications. The substitution effect of structural equivalence prevents international trade from complete fragmentation along geographic, political, and cultural lines, while the stratification effect of world‐system status reveals unequal capacity across countries to overcome the structural constraints imposed by dyadic homophily.     

走向对话与支持的教育共同体

诸多教育问题的产生源于两个主要问题:其一是学校教育的功能有限性;其二是教育主体之间的教育价值冲突。因而,我们需要重新定位学校教育的有限功能,并寻求教育主体之间能够达成共识的教育价值观。本文认为,建立在公共利益基础上的教育价值共识是解决教育问题的思想基础;以这种教育价值共识为基础,借助于信息技术支持的交流、交往、传播功能,建设多主体、多渠道、多层次的对话平台,以相互支持为准则的教育共同体是解决教育问题的实践路径。     

Quantitative and qualitative examination of propositions concerning supervisor–subordinate convergence in descriptions of leader–member exchange (LMX) quality

Two studies were conducted to quantitatively and qualitatively examine supervisor–subordinate differences in perceptions concerning the quality of their LMX relationship. The results provided strong support for a lack of construct convergence between these two perspectives. Specifically, the findings suggest that leaders tend to focus more on task-oriented subdimensions and tend to give them greater weight when evaluating LMX relationships. However, subordinates are more oriented toward the social aspects of the relationship and perceive them as more important. This differential pattern was found to be generalizable across gender, race, and industry types.     

汉末统治思想与王莽改制

自汉武帝采纳了董仲舒＂罢黜百家,独尊儒术＂以来,儒家思想成为二千多年来封建君主专制主义统治的指导思想。儒家思想有着极强的适应性和兼容性,在朝代的更替中,不断地充实和调整自己,使自己处于正统思想的位置。在这个适应与调整的过程中,往往会出现错位和混乱,西汉末年的新莽时期就属于这样的状态。汉末的动荡为王莽专权提供了机会,王莽没有抓住儒家统治思想的基本精神,将儒家经典中的＂器＂当作治世之道,＂奉古改制＂迅速走向灭亡。     

反学校文化与阶级再生产：“小子”与“子弟”之比较

作者通过对北京某打工子弟学校的田野调查后发现，在农民工“子弟”中间盛行着类似《学做工》中所描述的工人阶级“小子”的反学校文化。但是，由于制度安排与社会条件的差异，“子弟”与“小子”的反学校文化却是形似质异的。“子弟”的“反抗”更多是一种自我放弃的表达形式而非对支配秩序的洞察与抗争。文章进一步分析了“子弟”反学校文化的生产机制后指出，农民工劳动力再生产的低成本组织模式导致“子弟”高度边缘化的生存状态，这使得他们难以通过教育向上流动，从而以拒绝知识的形式放弃了学业，也因此完成了作为底层的社会再生产。     

A quasi-Newton acceleration for high-dimensional optimization algorithms

In many statistical problems, maximum likelihood estimation by an EM or MM algorithm suffers from excruciatingly slow convergence. This tendency limits the application of these algorithms to modern high-dimensional problems in data mining, genomics, and imaging. Unfortunately, most existing acceleration techniques are ill-suited to complicated models involving large numbers of parameters. The squared iterative methods (SQUAREM) recently proposed by Varadhan and Roland constitute one notable exception. This paper presents a new quasi-Newton acceleration scheme that requires only modest increments in computation per iteration and overall storage and rivals or surpasses the performance of SQUAREM on several representative test problems.     

宋元之际上海的兴起

上海在宋末由村设镇,元初由镇升县,迅速崛起。上海设镇时间在宋理宗淳祐十一年(1251年)到宝祐四年(1256年)之间,最有可能是1255年。上海主要是在长江三角洲取代了江阴的地位,因而得以兴起,而非前人认为上海取代华亭县内青龙镇的地位。宋末上海市舶分司兼管上海镇,上海市舶分司长官有蔡起莘、陈壁,其中蔡起莘也是上海的武官,由提举上海市舶分司兼任上海监镇,江阴市舶务在1255年裁并。宋末上海长官兼管海防,辖有招安海盗张瑄的船队,职务重要。元初上海的因漕立县,主要体现在豪族聚居与漕粮激增这两方面。漕运豪族是上海县的支配者,与上海县互相依存。宋末和元初上海迅速发展的经济基础都是航运业,宋元之际的上海发展是连贯一体的。