建筑安全氛围对安全行为的作用机理——基于DEA方法

针对当前建筑企业安全事故频发的现状,研究建筑安全氛围对员工安全行为的作用机理,以指导企业进行安全绩效改善。由于环境变量的干扰,安全氛围通常不会完全转化为安全行为,其影响过程总会存在投入的损失和浪费。基于数据包络分析（DEA）方法开发出一套三阶段半参数效率评价模型,能对安全氛围向安全行为转化的效率和环境变量的影响程度进行定量分析,并能指导企业进行安全工作的改进。对北京某知名建筑企业的实证研究验证了两类环境变量影响的显著性,识别出引发效率损失的因素（无效因素）,据此对参与调研的项目的安全绩效提出了改进建议。     

产学研合作创新网络知识溢出的发生机制与影响因素研究

知识溢出是产学研合作创新网络形成与演进的重要动力机制。文章基于无标度网络和社会资本理论对产学研合作创新网络的特征进行了概括,并对其知识溢出进行了界定和分类,然后从研发合作、技术协作与转化、人才流动和企业衍生4个方面研究阐释了产学研合作创新网络知识溢出的发生机制,进而从区域环境、创新网络、网络主体、溢出知识4个维度分析论述了产学研合作创新网络知识溢出的影响因素,最后提出了后续研究的展望。     

教师专业能力结构研究范式的源流与融合

为高效地推进教师专业化发展的进程,必须了解教师专业能力结构研究范式的源流和发展趋势.通过比较研究,发现教师专业能力结构研究范式的源流主要有行为主义研究范式、功能主义研究范式以及多维度和整体(格式塔)研究范式.近年来,这三种范式逐渐显示出某些相互融合的趋势.在融汇以上几种主流研究范式的基础上,可以重构一种四面体五维度的整体性的能力结构分析模型,为建立我国教师的专业能力标准提供基础.     

坚持问题导向 建设制造强国

建设制造强国,是实现党的十八大战略目标的重要组成部分。在中国改革开放以来经济增长过程中,制造业发挥了巨大的作用,2012年稳中求进目标的实现印证了这一点。在全球制造业领域经济竞争日益激烈的背景下,必须坚持问题导向思路,分析中国制造业发展存在的现实不足与制约因素,坚持反泡沫经济原则,采取科学合理的政策促进制造业做大做强。     

从“被动解释”到“主动改变”——略论马克思实践辩证观的嬗变

马克思以实践辩证观的独特视角重新阐释了人与世界的关系,在对实践理论的认识上,他注重"解释"世界与"改变"世界二者间的辩证运动;在对实践主体行为的定义上,他把寻求世界本源的活动变成了为人类服务的活动;在对实践方式的把握上,他将实践具体模式定义为人类劳动。着眼人类实践、寻求辩证发展最终成为马克思思想的价值所在。     

智库的科学分类与准确定位

对智库进行合理分类与准确定位是智库发展的必然。现阶段中国智库的分类标准普遍采用外部标准,并形成了独特的圈层结构和依附属性。智库分类不清、定位不明、评价缺失的不足限制了智库的质量提升。智库的分类需要以其内部因素作为分类标准,形成以研究目标和研究领域两个维度的分类体系,从而形成多样化、分层次的智库类型。未来中国智库发展的要义,在于遵循智库发展的内在规律,依托于科学分类,准确定位,更多按其内在发展机理来优化结构,提升质量,谋划发展。     

The Reform and Development of the Decision-making System in Contemporary China

中国的决策体制是中国政治体制的中枢系统, 也是决定中国发展的关键因素。以 中国共产党为领导核心的决策体制是在中国共产党领导革命、创建新中国的长期历史 中形成的, 具有其历史合理性。决策体制从建立到改革开放前呈现集中化的趋势。决 策权力日趋集中的体制, 存在着决策结构专业化分工程度不高、制度化程度低、偏重 经验决策、决策过程封闭和缺乏自我修正与调节机制等弊端。改革开放后, 决策体制 改革的重点, 是在决策结构、决策方式和决策机制三个主要方面推进决策的民主化、 科学化和法治化建设。决策体制改革的实践证明, 以决策民主化、科学化和法治化为 导向的决策体制改革, 成功应对了中国由经济和社会迅速变迁所带来的各种挑战。从 政治发展的角度看, 决策体制改革呈现出的基本趋势是: 从个人决策向民主决策、从 经验决策向科学决策、从决策组织高度集中向决策组织结构分化、从封闭式决策向开 放式决策、从被动参与决策向自主参与决策、从决策非制度化向决策制度化转变。一 个中国共产党主导、多方参与、科学论证、过程开放、依法运行的决策模式在决策体 制改革的实践中初步形成。

关键词: 决策体制 集中决策 民主决策 科学决策 依法决策

The decision-making system is the backbone of China’s political system and a crucial factor determining its development. The decision-making system with the CPC lying at the core results from the CPC’s long history of leading China’s revolution and establishing the People’s Republic of China; therefore it has historical rationality. Decision-making was centralized over the period from the foundation of the PRC to reform and opening up. This centralized decision-making system had faults such as a low level of specialized division of labor, low institutionalization, an undue emphasis on experience, a closed decision-making process and the absence of any self-correcting and adjustment mechanisms. The reform of China’s decision-making system in the post-reform period has attached much importance to promoting democratic, scientific and law-based decision-making with regard to decision- making structures, modes and mechanisms. Practice proves that this reform has successfully met the challenges arising from rapid social and economic transition. Viewed from the perspective of political development, it involves an evolution from personal to democratic, from experience-based to scientific, from centralized to decentralized, from closed to open, from passive to active participation and from non-institutionalized to institutionalized decision-making. A decision-making model has gradually taken shape that is characterized by CPC domination, participation by multiple entities, scientific proof, open process, and law-based operation.     

毛泽东对新中国制度设计的创新和贡献

毛泽东在其人民民主专政理论指导下,针对新中国的制度设计和安排提出了一系列创新性的观点和原则．据此创立了多党合作与政治协商、人民代表大会、民族区域自治三大具有中国特色的政治制度。本文拟在梳理毛泽东对新中国制度设计的主要内容的基础上,阐明其创新和贡献,以期为建设有中国特色的社会主义政治文明提供指导和借鉴。     

百年张说研究回顾与展望

本文依据20世纪以来对张说研究的文献,从文学史意义、生平与仕历交游、思想、诗歌、文章与传奇等几个方面对张说的百年研究历程进行全面的梳理。     

Competitive and Collaborative Quality and Warranty Management in Supply Chains

Product quality and product warranty coverage are two important and closely related operational decisions. A longer warranty protection period can boost sales, but it may also result in dramatically increased warranty cost, if product quality is poor. To investigate how these two decisions interact with each other and influence supply chain performance, we develop a single‐period model with a supplier that provides a product to an original equipment manufacturer, which in turn sells it to customers. Customer demand is random and affected by the length of the product warranty period. Warranty costs are incurred by both the supplier and the manufacturer. We analyze two different scenarios based on which party sets the warranty period: manufacturer warranty and supplier warranty. Product quality is controlled by the supplier, and the manufacturer determines the ordering quantity. We analyze these decentralized systems and provide the structural properties of the equilibrium strategies. We also compare the results of centralized and decentralized systems and identify the conditions under which one system provides a longer warranty and better product quality than the other. Our numerical study further shows that, in decentralized settings, when the warranty period is determined by the firm sharing the larger proportion of total warranty costs, the supply chain can achieve greater system‐wide profit. Both parties can therefore benefit from properly delegating the warranty decision and sharing the resulting additional profit. We further design a supplier‐development and buy‐back contract for coordinating decentralized supply chains. Several extensions are also discussed.