地方政府的伦理决策与民生型政府构建

地方政府的伦理决策是构建民生型政府的必然要求.但在现实中地方政府决策往往出现伦理失范现象,带来许多负面影响.地方政府必须加强决策实践中的伦理建设,从加快行政立法,建立决策民主参与机制等入手,加速民生型政府构建.     

基于培养创新能力的资源型学习模式研究

创新能力的培养是素质教育的重要目标之一,资源型学习是现代信息技术下最有效的学习方式之一。文章主要探讨资源型学习与培养创新能力的关系、如何采用资源型学习模式实现创新能力的培养以及应注意的问题。     

虚拟社区中自我认同的反身性重构——基于移动短视频应用“快手”的人类学研究

互联网技术对时间进程的压缩和空间结构的整合创造出一个多时态共存的虚拟空间,社群成员之间的交互关系由以“我”为中心的社会关系网扩展为不同虚拟社区“我们”与“我们”的交流互动,这一交互过程中始终贯穿着人类学自我身份认同的再思考与再建构。本文以中国最大的短视频社交平台“快手”为研究对象,通过互联网田野调查方法复观虚拟社区中的文化表达与自我认同过程,揭示出以“快手”为代表的视频交互型虚拟社区在给予个体多元文化表达空间的同时,个体也经由反身性方式不断重构自我身份认同。     

Effects of Social Network on Human Capital of Land-Lost Farmers: A Study in Zhejiang Province

The International Wellbeing Index covers two complementary measures, the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the National Wellbeing Index (NWI). The focus group study reported here tested the understanding of the NWI when translated into isiXhosa, a language spoken by 6 million South Africans, or 16% of the country’s population. A challenge for the NWI in measuring national well-being is the tendency for meaning to get ‘lost in translation’ in the wording of the instrument, owing to the disparities that exist between levels of living in developed and developing nations. The focussed discussions with native isiXhosa speakers conveyed the different shades of meaning associated with the six domains that make up the NWI. The isiXhosa keywords for the domains of social conditions, the natural environment, national security, and management of the country’s affairs (government) were readily understood, but discussants asked for further clarification of keywords for the domains relating to the economy and business. Conversations showed up the close link between personal and national well-being: discussants drew upon their personal and parochial life experiences along with their knowledge of current affairs to evaluate the nation’s quality of life. They described the social contract between citizens and their government to create a ‘caring society’ that promotes well-being across key domains of national life. Many of the reference standards used to evaluate national well-being were ones postulated to influence personal well-being (Michalos A.C, Social Indicators Research 16(4): 347–413 1985 ). The study also pointed to a potential problem for longitudinal studies if the bipolar satisfaction scale, formerly used to measure the International Wellbeing Index’s PWI and NWI, is changed to a unipolar one. Findings from this pilot study confirm the potential of the NWI as a tool for measuring national well-being cross-culturally.     

A longitudinal study of perinatal depression among Chinese high-risk pregnant women

Background

Information is needed on the prevalence of depression in Chinese women with medically defined complications across the perinatal period, as well as key risk factors to develop appropriate perinatal mental health services and ensure the services target those most in need.

Intergenerational mobility of housework time in the United Kingdom

This paper analyzes the relationship between parents’ time devoted to housework and the time devoted to housework by their children. Using data from the Multinational Time Use Study for the UK, we find positive intergenerational correlations in housework for both parents, indicating that the more time parents devote to housework, the more time their children will devote to housework. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, we find that a higher father–mother housework ratio is positively related to a higher child–mother housework ratio, even after allowing for individual fixed-effects. In order to address the potential exacerbation of errors-in-variables arising from the fixed-effects specification, we instrument the father–mother ratio of housework using father’s and mother’s lagged weekly working hours. The Instrumental-Variable estimates fully support the fixed-effects estimates, and suggest that the latter should be regarded as a lower bound. We also present evidence of the link between housework during adolescence and during adulthood, which may indicate that housework time during adulthood depends on the housework time during childhood, which may also be affected by parents’ housework time. Our results contribute to the field of the intergenerational mobility of behaviors.     

农村彩礼性质的区域比较研究

不同于宏观性的一般化概括和具体经验的描述总结,立足于中国农村区域差异的中观视角,在村庄社会结构和社会文化区域比较的基础上,理解农村彩礼性质的区域差异问题。南方团结型村庄,村庄宗族性结构力量及规范性强,代际关系厚重均衡,婚姻自主性较高,婚姻市场竞争性一般,农村彩礼还保持传统性的一面,缓慢稳定地变迁。北方分裂型村庄,村庄竞争性强,代际关系厚重但不均衡,婚姻自主性弱,婚姻市场竞争激烈,彩礼上涨迅速,成为代际剥削的手段。中部分散型村庄,社会结构力量弱,代际关系均衡,婚姻市场竞争弱,农民的理性化程度高,婚姻彩礼是一种理性化模式。农村区域差异的视角,为我们深刻理解农村彩礼的区域差异及变迁模式提供了中层理论建构。     

A link-free sparse group variable selection method for single-index model

For regression problems with grouped covariates, we adapt the idea of sparse group lasso (SGL) [10 J. Friedman, T. Hastie, and R. Tibshirani, A note on the group lasso and a sparse group lasso, Tech. Rep., Statistics Department, Stanford University, 2010. [Google Scholar]] to the framework of the sufficient dimension reduction. Assuming that the regression falls into a single-index structure, we propose a method called the sparse group sufficient dimension reduction to conduct group and within-group variable selections simultaneously without assuming a specific link function. Simulation studies show that our method is comparable to the SGL under the regular linear model setting and outperforms SGL with higher true positive rates and substantially lower false positive rates when the regression function is nonlinear. One immediate application of our method is to the gene pathway data analysis where genes naturally fall into groups (pathways). An analysis of a glioblastoma microarray data is included for illustration of our method.     

Local functional data model for characterizing shape variation of similar curves

“Similar curves” in the present article refers to a family of curves whose major shape are similar, but who have variation coming from curve-specific sources. The goal here is to develop a general methodology to describe small changes among similar curves. Previous methods mainly focus on dimension reduction through FPCA, which are not appropriate for quantifying local variation. Here, we consider a local functional data model which divides data into segments adaptively and models each segment with a shape invariant model. Such model has great flexibility in characterizing local variation of curves, as illustrated by simulation and real data examples.     

老龄化背景下中国劳动供给变动及其经济影响:基于CGE模型的分析

文章研究老龄化背景下中国未来劳动供给的变动趋势及其经济影响.基于可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型,将不同年龄劳动者在劳动效率方面的差异纳入劳动供给要素的考察范围,定量评估人口规模与年龄结构、劳动参与率与劳动力总量、有效劳动总量的变动趋势及其对劳动力要素价格、经济产出及产业结构变动的影响.结果表明,中国有效劳动供给在达到峰值后的降速将快于人口总量和劳动力总量的变动,且更具波动性;在以有效劳动衡量劳动供给变动的模拟情景下,21世纪上半叶中国GDP增长率的降速将快于只考虑人口总量或劳动力总量变动的情景;若只考虑劳动年龄人口变动对劳动供给的影响,而忽视不同年龄劳动者在劳动效率方面的异质性,则有可能低估未来经济增长.