文以载入功能在《古船》中的体现

《古船》的人学蕴涵在其思想意义的诸多方面占据着核心地位。其中的人物形象不但是作品形式构成的主角,更重要的,还是作品意义构成的主角,是作者极力思考的核心内容。作品文以载人的功能是不容置疑的。这主要体现在作品的情节、结构和人物自身上。《古船》的人学蕴含是其区别于同期作品的一个鲜明特征。     

中共十七大在执政党建设上的新亮点

中共十七大在执政党建设上突出.党内民主建设"、"尊重党员主体地位"、"改进候选人提名制度和选举方式"等新亮点,其意义深远.对这些亮点进行深人研究,是中国政治改革的重要课题.     

大学英语能力教学迫在眉睫

自从我国面向世界、改革开放以来,我国的英语教学就同时兴旺起来.近年来,大学英语教学界十分活跃,科研、改革的尝试在全国各地层出不穷,这难能可贵.但是近年来,特别是加人WTO以后,更加国际化的中国,自上而下,都对大学英语能力教学的现状表示不满足.首先分析现时大学英语能力教学中存在的问题,然后讨论社会上的英语教学和PETS等新推出的测试模式,对大学英语及其测试模式形成压力;最后,就如何完善大学英语能力教学提出建议.     

Bootstrap Estimation of Benchmark Doses and Confidence Limits with Clustered Quantal Data

The benchmark dose (BMD) is an exposure level that would induce a small risk increase (BMR level) above the background. The BMD approach to deriving a reference dose for risk assessment of noncancer effects is advantageous in that the estimate of BMD is not restricted to experimental doses and utilizes most available dose-response information. To quantify statistical uncertainty of a BMD estimate, we often calculate and report its lower confidence limit (i.e., BMDL), and may even consider it as a more conservative alternative to BMD itself. Computation of BMDL may involve normal confidence limits to BMD in conjunction with the delta method. Therefore, factors, such as small sample size and nonlinearity in model parameters, can affect the performance of the delta method BMDL, and alternative methods are useful. In this article, we propose a bootstrap method to estimate BMDL utilizing a scheme that consists of a resampling of residuals after model fitting and a one-step formula for parameter estimation. We illustrate the method with clustered binary data from developmental toxicity experiments. Our analysis shows that with moderately elevated dose-response data, the distribution of BMD estimator tends to be left-skewed and bootstrap BMDL s are smaller than the delta method BMDL s on average, hence quantifying risk more conservatively. Statistically, the bootstrap BMDL quantifies the uncertainty of the true BMD more honestly than the delta method BMDL as its coverage probability is closer to the nominal level than that of delta method BMDL. We find that BMD and BMDL estimates are generally insensitive to model choices provided that the models fit the data comparably well near the region of BMD. Our analysis also suggests that, in the presence of a significant and moderately strong dose-response relationship, the developmental toxicity experiments under the standard protocol support dose-response assessment at 5% BMR for BMD and 95% confidence level for BMDL.     

Matrix-trace Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities and applications in canonical correlation analysis

Various matrix-trace Cauchy-Schwarz and related inequalities involving positive semidefinite matrices are obtained. Applications of some of these results to canonical correlation analysis are presented.     

风险投资机构面临的融资风险及风险控制问题分析

本文认为,风险投资机构在设立之初及再融资过程中面临着融资风险,而拓宽融资渠道是降低这类风险的关键。本文首先介绍了风险投资机构的融资来源有哪些,以及影响风险投资机构融资的各种因素。在此基础上,笔者提出了目前扩大我国风险投资机构融资来源、控制转移融资风险的各种措施。     

一个四层非均匀平面光波导的色散方程

借助 W.K.B 方法,参照四层均匀平面光波导的色散方程,提出了一个适用于计算四层非均匀平面光波导传播常数的色散方程。理论分析与数值计算表明,该方程不仅适用于具有任意折射率分布的四层非均匀波导,而且计算步骤简单,精度高。在0.6～1.55μm 波长范围内,用我们的公式与严格解析公式进行计算,其结果的最大差值<±1×10~(-4)。     

官僚制的潮汐与我国行政组织体制的理性构建

70年代以后 ,西方各国先后进入后工业社会 ,与其相应的官僚制陷入了困境。于是 ,西方各国掀起了旨在否定官僚制的行政改革浪潮。而处于国际大背景中的我国必将受此浪潮的影响 ,但我国的处境又极为特殊。本文从我国的特殊国情入手 ,透析我国现阶段经济基础、组织及其文化的劣根性 ,从而判定我国尚处于官僚制不足阶段 ,必须强化官僚制的优点 ,弱化其缺点 ,并借鉴别国成功经验 ,对我国行政体制进行理性构建 ,建立有中国特色的行政组织体制     

情商在体育教学中的作用

学校体育教学的现状与时代的要求尚有一定距离,体育教学的改革势在必行。阐述情商EQ在体育教学中所起的作用。