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Attribution theory remains popular in the social sciences and often informs education studies. However, attributional style questionnaires tend to reflect the context-dependent character of the theory and existing measures have been found to have poor psychometric properties. Clearly, both issues need to be carefully considered by researchers prior to them applying any scales that incorporate attributional dimensions. Here we report on the development of a reliable and valid measure that applies an attributional style within the context of citizenship. Two separate studies were conducted to inform the development of the Citizenship Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ). The factor loadings of eight positive and eight negative events for the internality and stability dimensions were found to range between .41 and .75. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability of positive and negative events were found to be .79 and .74, respectively. While CASQ is seen to be a reliable and valid measure, the results also indicate broader psychometric properties than many of the instruments currently used in studies with an attributional approach. 相似文献
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Do university teachers have finished to learn, when they are hired for a position as full professor? That seems to be false, if you look at knowledge enrichment by research as learning. For Teaching and management it seems more justified. Factually full professors very seldom participate at corresponding continuing education or consulting. Learning takes place mostly on the side as learning by doing. Professionalization in a full sense however is only realized, if competences are developed also in these fields. As corresponding learning can be supported by continuous education and consulting is a very important task of academic personnel development. 相似文献
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PD Dr. Sascha L. Schmidt Prof. Dr. Benno Torgler Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Bruno S. Frey 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2009,79(3):303-334
Relative income differences are likely to lead to envy within a reference group. Envy in turn influences social behavior and individual performance. While positional concerns are apparent in daily life, empirical evidence is rare in the economic literature. This paper investigates the impact of the relative income position on individuals’ performance or productivity. As ?performance“ is difficult to measure we turn to soccer players whose performance has been well documented. The broad sample covers eight seasons of the German premier soccer league (Bundesliga) between 1995 and 2004, and includes 1040 players, a salary proxy and several performance variables. The results show that player performance is strongly affected by relative income position. A disadvantage in the relative income position reduces productivity. The larger the income differences within a team, the stronger are the effects of positional concern. Team composition also significantly affects behaviour. 相似文献
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Theory and Society - 相似文献
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库车拗陷的勘探实践表明,盐层与油气密切相关。通过对2条地震测线的分析发现,盐层、盐上地层、盐下地层变形看似孤立,实际相互影响。盐层构造变形一般发育在古隆起上部,盐上构造变形主要发生在盐枕构造的翼部,无盐地区主要发育基底卷入式构造。膏盐层可以延缓盐下地层烃源岩的热演化程度,可以改善盐下储层的储集性能;膏盐层本身也有可能成为油气储集层;膏盐层具有形成超压封闭和物性封闭的双重封闭机制,对盐下油气藏的保存极为有利;膏盐层的塑性流动特性,使得盐下构造圈闭在强烈的构造挤压中得以保存。 相似文献
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Bariş Sürücü 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(7):1319-1331
We propose three new statistics, Z p , C p , and R p for testing a p-variate (p ≥ 2) normal distribution and compare them with the prominent test statistics. We show that C p is overall most powerful and is effective against skew, long-tailed as well as short-tailed symmetric alternatives. We show that Z p and R p are most powerful against skew and long-tailed alternatives, respectively. The Z p and R p statistics can also be used for testing an assumed p-variate nonnormal distribution. 相似文献
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长期外出流动人口的养老境遇:基于停留预期与社保参与状况的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
流动人口的社会保障问题一直以来备受社会各界的广泛关注。本文运用国家人口计生委2010年实施的106个城市流动人口监测调查数据,对停留在流入城市达10年及以上的流动人口这一最先迈入老龄阶段的群体,就其人口社会特征和停留预期与养老境遇进行重点分析。总体而言,长期外出流动人口显示有长期停留之预期,但社会保险的参与状况却令人堪忧。此外,不同人口社会特征的长期外出流动人口,其长期停留预期和社保参与状况存在一定差别。 相似文献
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