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121.
The incidence of occupational diseases in the population is high and factors such as long working hours, poor posture, psychological and physical stress can contribute to its development. Among work-related musculoskeletal disorders, back pain has a high prevalence. The aim of the present study was to quantify and characterize pain complaints and to identify individuals with low back pain, in order to assess the degree of disability. Participated 226 employees of an institution of higher education. They answered a general questionnaire about location and quantification of pain complaints visual analog scale for pain and the Quebec Disability Questionnaire. Of all the workers, 69.60% had some type of musculoskeletal complaint; of those, 15.41% had low back pain. Considering workers who had back pain, 54.9% were female, 52.94% are under 30 years old and 43.14% between 1 and 5 years of work. As for the final score for the degree of disability, 41.17% had minimal disability and 37.25% moderate disability. The present study found large number of pain complaints and high prevalence of low back pain, resulting in individual's inability and difficulties in performing work activities. 相似文献
122.
This research deals with the design of leaflets of medicines, evidencing the problems resulting from the lack of Brazilian normalization to promote the use of the graphical representation of instructional texts warnings. It approaches studies related to the effectiveness and efficiency of information systems, highlighting the semiotics and the cultural and informational ergonomics. The analysis of the context uses as method, an analytical study on selected warnings of thirty leaflets of medicines, followed by interviews lead with the public managers involved with the regulation of the pharmaceutical companies, and two experiments with users performed in city of Recife, in State of Pernambuco: one aiming at to identify how they interact with the leaflets of medicines, and the second one testing their understanding concerning standardized illustrations in the United States and the South Africa. The results show the need for improvements in presentation and graphic representation of leaflets of medicines, powering them to the role of communication, to ensure the consumption of medicine safely by its users. The conclusion congregates parameters and recommendations for the graphic representation of warnings in leaflets of medicines in Brazil. 相似文献
123.
Moral Harassment at Work (MHW) is considered a recurrent practice of humiliation, mockery, isolation, persecution and psychological torture. Its results go beyond the worker private life: represent financial loss, affects the work, the organization, the productivity and the society. This article aims to develop a model of MHW, which characterizes the main components of the phenomenon and their nexus with the inability to work. For this, the Literature field is consulted, in order to identify systematically, the MHW components and their risky factors. The results showed a multifaceted model which demonstrates: the aggressor/victim and the configuration of the Moral Harassment at Work causes. The management of the degraded work. The characteristic features of the inability to work, caused on the victim. The MHW modalities and as a final product, the integration among these components. It is expected that this model can help the Ergonomist comprehending this phenomenon and contribute on the creation of some strategies of prevention on the workplace. It is concluded that the removal or minimization of this occupational risks requires some changes on the job organization, on the people`s behaviour, the leadership styles, on the humanization of the social labor relationship and on the coping this problem. 相似文献
124.
Linda Lee Ho Roberto da Costa Quinino Emílio Suyama Ruth Pereira Louren?o 《Statistical Papers》2012,53(3):507-519
In this paper, we propose to change the traditional monitored statistic in a control chart p, by changing the sampling proportion ${\hat{p}}$ to a new statistics denoted as ${\tilde{p}}$ . We aim to minimize problems in designing the control chart p for high quality processes when only a small sample size is available. The idea of the new statistics is simple, as it involves taking two independent samples of a Bernoulli population. From each sample, the sampling proportion is calculated, and the new statistic to monitor is the weighted mean of the sampling proportion of each sample employed to weight the overall sampling proportion. We note that the control chart p that employs the new ${\tilde{p}}$ statistic provides more in-control values of average run length closer to the usual fixed value of 370 than the traditional statistic, that is, the sampling proportion. Numerical examples illustrate the new proposal. 相似文献
125.
V. Filipe Martins‐da‐Rocha Yiannis Vailakis 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2010,78(3):1127-1141
This paper proves the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for local contractions without assuming the family of contraction coefficients to be uniformly bounded away from 1. More importantly it shows how this fixed‐point result can apply to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions to some recursive equations that arise in economic dynamics. 相似文献
126.
龚世达 《成都理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,12(1):10-15
加强社会主义道德建设,是发展先进文化的重要内容和中心环节.法治和德治,是相辅相成、相互促进的.德治与法治相结合的思想,对高校思想政治教育具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
127.
We propose a four-parameter extended generalized gamma model, which includes as special cases some important distributions and it is very useful for modeling lifetime data. A advantage is that it can represent the error distribution for a new heteroscedastic log-odd log-logistic generalized gamma regression model. The proposed heteroscedastic regression model can be used more effectively in the analysis of survival data since it includes as special models several widely-known regression models. Further, for different parameter settings, sample sizes and censoring percentages, various simulations are performed. Overall, the new regression model is very useful to the analysis of real data. 相似文献
128.
Rachel Galvao Nicola L. Hawley Carolina Silveira da Silva Mariângela F. Silveira 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(5):e310-e317
Background
In Brazil, 88% of births among women with private insurance are caesarean sections, even though a caesarean rate above 15% is associated with greater maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Aiming to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections in the private sector, in July 2015 the Brazilian government enacted Resolução Normativa 368, a regulation requiring the use of partograms, pre-natal cards to document pregnancies, and consent forms for elective caesareans, and recommending that obstetricians provide women with an informational letter about birth.Aims
This study aimed to describe Brazilian women’s experiences deciding their mode of birth and obstetricians’ roles in this decision-making process after Resolução Normativa 368’s enactment.Methods
Interviews were conducted with obstetricians (n = 8) and women who had recently given birth (n = 19) in Pelotas, Brazil, and the constant comparative method was used to identify emergent themes.Findings
Resolução Normativa 368’s provisions do not appear to affect decision-making about birth mode. Reportedly, consent forms were rarely used, and were viewed as bureaucratic formalities. Obstetricians described consistent use of pre-natal cards and partograms, but all participants were unaware of informational letters about birth. Moreover, women viewed caesarean sections as a way to avoid pain, and obstetricians felt that vaginal birth’s long duration, unpredictability, and low remuneration contribute to high caesarean section rates.Conclusions
Improved enforcement of Resolução Normativa 368, accompanied by structural changes like an on-call schedule and higher compensation for vaginal births in the private sector, could better inform patients about modes of birth and incentivise physicians to encourage vaginal birth. 相似文献129.
Maria Paula Magalhães Tavares de Oliveira Dartiu Xavier da Silveira Simone Villas Boas de Carvalho Silvia Teresa Collakis Juliana Bizeto Maria Teresa Araujo Silva 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(4):557-568
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity and classification accuracy of the South Oaks Gambling
Screen (SOGS) in a sample of the Brazilian population. Participants in this study were drawn from three sources: 71 men and
women from the general population interviewed at a metropolitan train station; 116 men and women encountered at a bingo venue;
and 54 men and women undergoing treatment for gambling. The SOGS and a DSM-IV-based instrument were applied by trained researchers.
The internal consistency of the SOGS was 0.75 according to the Cronbach’s alpha model, and construct validity was good. A
significant difference among groups was demonstrated by ANOVA (F
(2.238) = 221.3, P < 0.001). The SOGS items and DSM-IV symptoms were highly correlated (r = 0.854, P < 0.01). The SOGS also presented satisfactory psychometric properties: sensitivity (100), specificity (74.7), positive predictive
rate (60.7), negative predictive rate (100) and misclassification rate (0.18). However, a cut-off score of eight improved
classification accuracy and reduced the rate of false positives: sensitivity (95.4), specificity (89.8), positive predictive
rate (78.5), negative predictive rate (98) and misclassification rate (0.09). Thus, the SOGS was found to be reliable and
valid in the Brazilian population. 相似文献
130.
Ralph da Costa Nunez 《Journal of Children and Poverty》1997,3(1):93-101
With the advent of welfare reform, its proponents anticipate that millions of Americans chronically dependent on public assistance will be set free. In reality, far too many welfare recipients are trapped in a web of poverty from which they are incapable of escaping. Today, over a third of all welfare recipients are single, poorly-educated mothers with little or no work experience (Pavetti 1995, 3). Worse yet, extreme poverty has forced 600,000 of these families into homelessness. Common sense dictates that unless the states, in their new role as leaders in welfare innovation, immediately forge strategic policy, these women and their children–yet another generation–will sink deeper into poverty and dependence. 相似文献