EMDR、适应性信息加工与个案概念化(下)

EMDR是一个整合性的、以咨客为中心的心理治疗方法。该方法用于治疗那些不是由器质性损伤为病理学基础的心理问题,它的治疗重点是处理大脑的信息加工系统中的痛苦记忆。EMDR既能处理那些引起困扰的经历和体验,也能帮助咨客获得达到更健康的心理状态所需要的经历和体验。综览EMDR的历史、发展和研究,它是一个主要以经验为支持的治疗方法。本文在阐述适应性信息加工模型之后,用一个延续的个案实例,来说明EMDR的个案概念化和8个阶段的治疗。EMDR技术主要是加工那些有病理学基础的早期记忆和引发不良功能的当前情境,并为未来适应性的行为提供模板,包括克服技能不足和(或)发展性的不足所需的知识与行为。整合的EMDR与家庭系统观点的好处是可以提供最综合的治疗效果。     

基于外资流通业快速扩张的政府规制

随着我国流通业对外开放程度的加大,外资流通企业在我国快速扩张。外资选择进入我国流通市场主要是看重我国庞大的零售市场和巨大的成长潜力。外资流通企业进入我国市场的过程中,产生了过度竞争及经济不安全的负面效应,表现为抢滩、扎堆、无序,在某些区域、某些业态、某些环节上出现经济安全问题。因此,政府有必要对外资进入流通领域进行规制,除了制定商业网点计划、规制外资流通业的进入外,还要培育良好的市场竞争环境、加强对地方政府盲目扩大引资行为的管制、加大对流通领域的科技投入、整合国内流通企业、提高国内流通产业集中度,只有这样,才能培养我国拥有自主品牌和国际竞争力的大型流通企业集团,才能保证我国流通产业的健康发展。     

On the historical determinants of third sector strength: A qualitative comparative analysis

This study proposes a theoretical explanation for the main causes of the third sector's strength. A Boolean comparative analysis based mainly on the theoretical frameworks of Rokkan and Esping-Andersen indicates that the combination of state-supported urban interests and Protestantism are necessary conditions. This result is very close to Max Weber's explanation of civil society which presupposes the facilitating role of the autonomous state. Thus, the empirical results are reinterpreted within the context of a Weberian explanatory framework. The implications of this endeavor within the historical context of developing countries are further explicated.     

基于供应链中不确定性的生产计划研究

供应链管理环境下的企业,将面临复杂多变的市场环境,信息的多源性、多态性和不确定性,增加了其在供应链环境下制定生产计划的复杂性和难度。其中,供应链信息的不确定性表现形式主要有:下游需求的不确定性供应商的不确定性、计划的不确定性,以及生产的不确定性。为了降低企业生产计划的确定性应该做到以下几个方面:增强市场预测的准确度,直接从市场获取信息,减少中间环节;建立合理的生产管理制度,提高计划系统的信息化水平;生产过程的优化与控制;采用滚动式柔性计划方法。     

现代消费主义的理性思考

消费是人为了生存而进行的一种基本活动,一种生活方式。但随着科学技术的发展和经济的增长,现代社会已经进入到了生产过剩的时代,这必然引起大量的挥霍性消费随之而来。为此,本来作为人的生存方式的消费就成为一种违背人类可持续生存和发展利益的消费,最终也成为人类生存的最大威胁之一,因而,再次审视现代社会的消费观的理论基础是一项迫切的任务。     

Will they stay or will they go? How network properties of WebICs predict dropout rates of valuable Wikipedians

This paper contributes to our understanding of an increasingly prevalent work system, web-based internet communities (WebICs). We are particularly interested in how WebICs are governed given the fact how different they are compared to more classical forms of organization. We study the governance of a WebIC by studying the structure and dynamics of their edit network. Given the fact that the edit network is a relational structure, social network analysis is key to understanding these work systems. We demonstrate that characteristics of the edit network contribute to predicting the dropout hazard of valuable WebIC members. Since WebICs exist only thanks to the activity of their contributors, predicting drop-outs becomes crucial. The results show that reputation and controversy have different effects for different types of Wikipedians; i.e., an actor’s reputation decreases the dropout hazard of active Wikipedians, while participation on controversial pages decreases the dropout hazard of highly active Wikipedians.     

Network influence and organizational performance: The effects of tie strength and structural equivalence

We combine theory and empirical evidence to develop and test three related claims about how ties strength and structural equivalence affect interorganizational performance similarity. First, network partners attain similar levels of performance because direct network ties facilitate information and resource sharing, and the diffusion of organizational practices. Organizations occupying similar network positions attain similar levels of performance because they face similar competitive constraints. Second, because mechanisms underlying performance similarity implied by direct network ties and similarity in network positions are different, strength of network ties and network position affect different dimensions of organizational performance. Third, we expect that tie strength will affect aspects of performance that are more likely to be influenced by processes activated by the direct contact between network partners. We expect structural equivalence to affect more strongly those aspects of organizational performance that are more directly influenced by competition. An analysis of interorganizational networks and organizational performance within a regional community of hospitals provides evidence in support of these claims. Models estimated on a sample of 8190 interorganizational dyads suggest that the effects of tie strength and structural equivalence on organizational performance are highly differentiated and contingent on specific aspects of performance. We show that these conclusions are robust with respect to a wide variety of other factors that may be responsible for performance similarity including competitive interdependence, structural homophily, and resource complementarity.     

How do actors shape social networks during the process of new product development?

Recent studies on new-idea generation and development have highlighted the role played by network structure in the genesis of new combinations or the process of selecting ideas. However, less attention has been paid to the factors that entice actors to shape social networks during the process of the development of new ideas.This research was conducted in an R&D facility of a semi-conductor company. We analysed the generation of five creative projects and their development over a four-year period. We used a longitudinal approach and collected data through interviews and observations to identify the creative contributions and the actors who were involved at different time periods for each project. We mapped the relationships between actors who contributed to the development of each idea through creative thinking and/or helped it to become accepted both internally and externally over three-year windows. This method generated data on network evolution.We also carried out a qualitative analysis and identified four main factors explaining why actors turn to others during the idea-development process: (1) to gain access to information; (2) to enhance credibility; (3) to exercise one’s influence; and (4) to gain access to knowledge through people or objects. We demonstrate that different types of ties or network structures are relied upon to reap different kinds of benefits. This may partially explain network evolution as an idea progresses through different development stages.