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281.
Since the early 1960s, the French nuclear industry is marked by a structural dichotomy between experts and the general public. Even though citizens secured themselves a place in the decision making process, their scope of action is limited and linked to a discursively framed lay identity. The study focuses on the operationalisation of the lay terminology by the actors of the French nuclear debate. We focus our analysis on two groups of actors: 1) governmental and pro-nuclear organisations and 2) nongovernmental and anti-nuclear organisations. Our aim is to analyze the real-time implications of a discursive regime of participation on the public engagement in science. 相似文献
282.
Do downward private transfers enhance maternal labor supply? Evidence from around Europe 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using data on 2,317 mother–daughter pairs from 10 European countries, we investigate the impact of downward time and monetary
transfers on the career choices of transfer-receiving young mothers. For Europe as a whole, we find a strong positive effect
of grandchild care on the labor force participation and the degree of labor market involvement of the young mother, but no
impact of monetary transfers on either of these decisions. Both recipients and donors with better endowments are more likely
to participate in a monetary transaction, while mothers with lower level of human capital are more likely to provide time
transfers to their better endowed daughters. 相似文献
283.
Anne?Marie?McLaughlin Michael?Rothery Rochelle??Babins-Wagner Barbara?Schleifer 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2010,38(2):155-163
This article presents the results of research designed to explore decision-making by direct practitioners in selected non-profit human service settings. Forty interviews were conducted with workers at front-line, supervisory and higher-management levels. The research questions included; what sources of information are used in decision-making, what variables enhance or impede utilization of evidence-based knowledge in decision-making and what would be important resources for improving availability, access and utilization of evidence-based knowledge in decision-making? Our results indicate that respondents relied most heavily on experience; on their professional values and beliefs, and on an empathic understanding of their clients’ uniqueness. Compared to these sources of information use of research and the professional literature were less enthusiastically endorsed. 相似文献
284.
The aim of this paper is to develop a Bayesian local influence method (Zhu et al. 2009, submitted) for assessing minor perturbations
to the prior, the sampling distribution, and individual observations in survival analysis. We introduce a perturbation model
to characterize simultaneous (or individual) perturbations to the data, the prior distribution, and the sampling distribution.
We construct a Bayesian perturbation manifold to the perturbation model and calculate its associated geometric quantities
including the metric tensor to characterize the intrinsic structure of the perturbation model (or perturbation scheme). We
develop local influence measures based on several objective functions to quantify the degree of various perturbations to statistical
models. We carry out several simulation studies and analyze two real data sets to illustrate our Bayesian local influence
method in detecting influential observations, and for characterizing the sensitivity to the prior distribution and hazard
function. 相似文献
285.
This article develops a new and stable estimator for information matrix when the EM algorithm is used in maximum likelihood
estimation. This estimator is constructed using the smoothed individual complete-data scores that are readily available from
running the EM algorithm. The method works for dependent data sets and when the expectation step is an irregular function
of the conditioning parameters. In comparison to the approach of Louis (J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. B 44:226–233, 1982), this new estimator is more stable and easier to implement. Both real and simulated data are used to demonstrate the use
of this new estimator. 相似文献
286.
Jelena Jockovi? 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(7):2348-2352
Let Nn={1,2,…,n}. We sample with replacement from the set Nn assuming that each element has probability 1/n of being drawn. Let Mn be the waiting time determined by certain stoping rules in the coupon collector's problem. We investigate models for the asymptotic behavior of the excesses of Mn over the high thresholds. 相似文献
287.
Geruso M 《Demography》2012,49(2):553-574
This article quantifies the extent to which socioeconomic and demographic characteristics can account for black-white disparities
in life expectancy in the United States. Although many studies have investigated the linkages between race, socioeconomic
status, and mortality, this article is the first to measure how much of the life expectancy gap remains after differences
in mortality are purged of the compositional differences in socioeconomic characteristics between blacks and whites. The decomposition
is facilitated by a reweighting technique that creates counterfactual estimation samples in which the distribution of income,
education, employment and occupation, marital status, and other theoretically relevant variables among blacks is made to match
the distribution of these variables among whites. For males, 80% of the black-white gap in life expectancy at age 1 can be
accounted for by differences in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. For females, 70% percent of the gap is accounted
for. Labor force participation, occupation, and (among women only) marital status have almost no additional power to explain
the black-white disparity in life expectancy after precise measures for income and education are controlled for. 相似文献
288.
Liliana?FernandesEmail author Américo?Mendes Aurora?A.?C.?Teixeira 《Social indicators research》2012,106(2):239-257
Research on indicators related to the state of child well-being is a growing field that has experienced several changes over
time. The growing supply of data on children, as well as the need to facilitate conclusions and to track trends, has led researchers
to develop a number of child well-being indexes. This paper critically reviews the most recent and relevant child well-being
indexes, i.e., the Index of Child and Youth Well-Being in the United States, the Child Well-being Index for the European Union,
the Microdata Child Well-being Index, and the Deprivation Index. The study focuses primarily on the contributions and innovations
the indexes have brought to the field, making a critical assessment of the methods used in the construction of the indexes
and identifying their main limitations. 相似文献
289.
290.
Magda?ChmielEmail author Martin?Brunner Romain?Martin Daniela?Schalke 《Social indicators research》2012,106(1):109-116
Subjective well-being is a broad, multifaceted construct comprising general satisfaction with life, satisfaction with life
domains (health, family, people, free time, self, housing, work, and finances), positive affect, and negative affect. Drawing
on representative data from middle-aged adults (N = 738), the authors used three different structural models to analyze the
interrelationships among these facets of subjective well-being. In a top-down model, a single factor representing global subjective
well-being explained the correlations found among the more specific facets of subjective well-being and exerted the strongest
influence on general satisfaction with life, satisfaction with health, and satisfaction with finances. In a bottom-up model,
satisfaction with the latter two domains had the strongest effect on global subjective well-being. The authors discuss the
implications of their findings for research on subjective well-being. 相似文献