Family transitions in Young Adulthood

Using the first (1995) and third (2001-2002) waves of the Add Health survey, we examine women 's family transitions up to age 24. Only a third of all women marry, and a fifth of those marriages dissolve before age 24. Three out of eight women have afirst birth, with a substantial majority of those births outside of marriage: 66% for whites, 96% for blacks, and 72% for Mexican Americans. Cohabitation is the predominant union form; 59% of women cohabit at least once by age 24. Most cohabitations are short lived, with approximately one in five resulting in a marriage. We summarize the family and relationship experience of women up to age 24 in terms offour categories, each accounting for roughly a quarter of all women. Category 1 has the women who remain single nonparents. Category 2 has the early marriers, women whose marriage is not preceded by a first birth. Category 3 has those who become single parents. Category 4 has the women who cohabit at least once, but who do not marry or have a birth by age 24. The strictly ordered transitions of the 1950s are long gone and have been replaced by a variety of paths to adulthood.     

The potential impact of discrimination fears of older gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transgender individuals living in small- to moderate-sized cities on long-term health care

As an exploration of the potential impact of fears of discrimination against GLBTs in long-term health care settings, this study compared perceptions of GLBT persons and heterosexuals. A total of 132 GLBT persons and 187 heterosexuals living in Eastern Washington completed a survey that contained demographic questions and perceptions of discrimination in long-term care settings. Most respondents suspected that staff and residents of care facilities discriminate against GLBTs. GLBT respondents who believed that residents of care facilities are victims of discrimination were more likely to believe that they would have to hide their sexual orientation if admitted to a care facility. GLBT respondents were more likely than heterosexual respondents to believe that GLBTs do not have equal access to health care and social services, that GLBTs residents of care facilities are victims of discrimination, that GLBT sensitivity training programs would benefit staff and residents of care facilities, and that GLBT retirement facilities would be a positive development for older GLBTs. This study is offered as a preliminary investigation of concerns about GLBT discrimination in health care settings, how concerns are expressed, and the implications of those concerns for health care needs.     

婚姻生育对女性科学家科研成果的影响

关于科学家科研成果（以出版物的数量作为衡量标准）的研究表明：女科学家通常在其职业生涯中与年龄、博士学位背景和领域相同的男科学家相比,所发表的论文较少一些。（见图1）为说明科学出版物上的这种数量差别,人们提出了包括系统的性别歧视和科学智力上的生物性差别在内的多种解释。     

当代进化论

一、蔡尔德、怀特、斯图尔德在文化进化论几乎完全黯然失色的四十年左右期间中,有些人类学家却还在进化论的传统中工作。其中最著名的可能是美国人类学家怀特、斯图尔德和英国著名考古学家蔡尔德。在一些技术性的考古著作中和较普及的论述中(《人类创造本身》1941、《历史发生了什么》1946)蔡尔德利用考古学提供的资料论证,人类历史中某些引人注目的技术进步(植物的培植、动物的驯化、灌溉农业、冶金术的发明等等)引起了人类文化生活整个结构的变     

混合婚及法裔加拿大人同化于操英语加拿大多数民族的问题

据统计,魁北克以外的许多法裔加拿大人正在同化于以英语为母语的社区。依据加拿大人口普查资料,在加拿大9个主要操英语的省份中,很多以法语为母语的人报告说:他们在家中已经不以法国为主要用语了。1981年人口普查确认了这种情况并且证明主要以英语为母语的9个省份中有6个省份     

美国印第安人政治经济和政治民族的适应与认同

毫无疑问,将来仍然有人试图以戏剧性的和象征性的炫耀行为来促进印第安人的团结。泛印第安主义仍是被分割的和不集中的政治运动,而由于泛印第安政治思想中的民族飞地已消除,有些部落仍处于相对自治的地位。此外,住在保留地和不住在保留地(或者说有地位和没有地位)的印第安人之间的共同利益很不清楚。这些现实情况都是对维持整体的挑战,它们也可以部分地说明,在其他一些国     

越南的叶坚族

叶坚族有 Die、Yeh、Dram、Langya、Brilar 和 Jeh Derale 等多个称谓,这些族称有时用来称呼整个民族或其中某一部分。了解这个与世隔绝的、尚未开化的民族,对于在他们中间进行活动是很有必要的。而且,有关叶坚族的准确资料对各种宗教和慈善事     

1984年奥尔巴尼学术讨论会论文专辑 序言:走向二十一世纪的美国民族和种族

本专辑所汇集的论文,乃是1984年4月6—7日纽约州立大学在奥尔巴恺举行的“二十世纪后25年的民族和种族讨论会”的学术成果。此次讨论会的中心议题是探讨本世纪中期以来美国民族和种族的发展变化情况,并着眼其迈向本世纪末的轨道。     

Staying strong: gender ideologies among African-American adolescents and the implications for HIV/STI prevention

This paper explores adolescents' definitions of what it means to be a man and a woman, the psycho-social context surrounding the formation of gender ideologies and their relationship to HIV/STI prevention. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with fifty African-American adolescents living in Baltimore, Maryland. Female gender ideologies included economic independence, emotional strength and caretaking. Male gender ideologies emphasized financial responsibility, toughness and sexual prowess. Findings suggest that stronger adherence to male gender ideologies related to toughness and sexual prowess is influenced by male participants' perceived inability to fulfill their primary gender role as economic providers and the importance of gaining approval from male peers in the absence of adult male role models. Stronger adherence to female gender ideologies related to emotional strength and caretaking may be linked to a heightened desire for male intimacy and tolerance of male sexual risk behavior. Implications of the gender ideologies documented and their commonalities are discussed in terms of HIV/STI prevention.