The increase in marital status differences in mortality up to the oldest age in seven European countries, 1990-99

We investigate mortality differentials by marital status among older age groups using a database of mortality rates by marital status at ages 40 and over for seven European countries with 1 billion person-years of exposure. The mortality advantage of married people, both men and women, continues to increase up to at least the age group 85-89, the oldest group we are able to consider. We find the largest absolute differences in mortality levels between marital status groups are at high ages, and that absolute differentials are: (i) greater for men than for women; (ii) similar in magnitude across countries; (iii) increase steadily with age; and (iv) are greatest at older age. We also find that the advantage enjoyed by married people increased over the 1990s in almost all cases. We note that results for groups such as older divorced women need to be interpreted with caution.     

Understanding the bear movement in gay male culture: redefining masculinity

The bear movement emerged in the gay male culture of the 1980s, but little research on this group has been conducted. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the meanings and functions of bear identity. Six bear-identified men participated in intensive interviews investigating this question. Results suggest that men who identify as bears consciously adopt a masculine aesthetic that signifies values of self-acceptance and maturity. The participants described the acceptance of diverse body shapes and ages within the bear community as leading to positive self-esteem and body image. Results are discussed in relation to clinical and advocacy work. They broaden the awareness of the diversity of cultures that exist within the gay community.     

印度的外交政策与印中关系——在南亚学会第六次代表大会上的讲话

朋友们 :感谢你们在我来北京履新之际给我这次发言机会。很高兴今天能在在座诸君之中再次看到一些对印中关系怀着良好愿望的老朋友。我应邀就印度外交政策与印中关系发表讲话。我非常愿意利用这次机会和你们交换意见。因此 ,我将先就印度的外交政策、形成这一政策的决定因素和印度对当今世界的观点 ,再就印中关系、这一关系的现状和展望简要发言。嗣后 ,我愿意以问答和评论的方式听取诸位的意见。印度的外交政策印度外交政策的基本目的 ,自然与制约其他国家外交政策的目的相似。我们要为我们自己的人民寻求和平与繁荣。我们外交政策的基本目…     

财经类高校统计专业本科培养目标和课程设置研究

文章提出了授予经济学学士学位的财经类高校统计学专业的总目标是 :培养适应社会主义市场经济和信息化社会所需要的复合型高素质统计专门人才。其课程设置应遵循宽口径、厚基础、重应用、突出自身特点的原则 ,在此原则下构造了课程体系 ,提出了师资队伍和教材建设、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段和考试方法改革的意见     

新旧“大历史”：前提假设、范围与可能性

近年来,大卫·克里斯蒂安等人已经将“大历史”提升为一种研究过去的新方法。本文将大历史与旧大历史、也就是“普遍史”传统并列。“新”大历史或者以一种连续的神学为基础,或者建立在一种唯物主义形式之上,这种唯物主义被看作人类历史决定因素,或者起源于两者多少有些矛盾的混合。新旧大历史例示的“大跨度历史”与其说是对历史知识的贡献,不如说是这种或那种世界观的叙述化过程。在区分最大跨度历史与“仅仅是”大跨度历史过程中,在历史书写过程中满足大跨度历史要求的更好方法是更适度的尝试,例如,大跨度比较史、网络与交流史、专题史和现代化史。     

Death by survey: Estimating adult mortality without selection bias from sibling survival data

The widely used methods for estimating adult mortality rates from sample survey responses about the survival of siblings, parents, spouses, and others depend crucially on an assumption that, as we demonstrate, does not hold in real data. We show that when this assumption is violated so that the mortality rate varies with sibship size, mortality estimates can be massively biased. By using insights from work on the statistical analysis of selection bias, survey weighting, and extrapolation problems, we propose a new and relatively simple method of recovering the mortality rate with both greatly reduced potential for bias and increased clarity about the source of necessary assumptions.     

观照小说世界,发掘人性的闪光点——品《祝福》中祥林嫂人物形象

祥林嫂是鲁迅创造的经典人物形象之一,她在小说世界里,被封建礼教迫害致死,但作为一个普通的农村妇女,她几次试图与命运对抗,尽管失败,所体现的人性的光辉,依然值得称赞。     

小学语文学习关键在积累

小学语文教育低、中、高三个学段的基础教育,是培养学生语文核心素养的关键时期：“语文素养是学好其他课程的基础。语文课程的多重功能和奠基作用,决定了它在九年义务教育阶段的重要地位。作为语文教师,必须正确把握语文教育的特点,积极倡导自主、合作、探究的教学方式,“培养学生热爱祖国语文的思想感情,指导学生正确地理解和运用祖国语文,丰富语言的积累,培养语感,发展思维,使他们具有适应实际需要的识字写字能力,阅读能力,写作能力,口语交际能力。”要使学生真正具备这些语文素养,关键在积累。     

素质教育背景下如何培养学生良好的写作习惯

从写作教学来看,学生写作能力的培养需要一个长久的过程,而对于小学生来说语文学习中最为缺乏的就是耐心和恒心。所以,实际教学中,教师要以此为着力点进行教学策略的制定。本文中我就针对培养学生良好的写作习惯展开探究,谈谈小学语文作文教学中如何构建学生的恒心和毅力。     

秋阳·创巴活佛对于藏传佛教西方传播的贡献

2014年是秋阳·创巴活佛圆寂二十七周年。他是二十世纪以来将藏传佛教佛法传播至西方世界的开拓性重要人物。他非凡的人生经历和佛法教导内容,至今仍在塑造并影响藏传佛教全球化的发展传播。