Adolescent dialysands in group therapy

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the psychological effects of chronic illness and its treatment. Group treatment of girls with renal failure proved to be of therapeutic value in improving self-image and reducing emotional stress.     

A latent process model for dementia and psychometric tests

We jointly model longitudinal values of a psychometric test and diagnosis of dementia. The model is based on a continuous-time latent process representing cognitive ability. The link between the latent process and the observations is modeled in two phases. Intermediate variables are noisy observations of the latent process; scores of the psychometric test and diagnosis of dementia are obtained by categorizing these intermediate variables. We propose maximum likelihood inference for this model and we propose algorithms for performing this task. We estimated the parameters of such a model using the data of the 5 year follow-up of the PAQUID study. In particular this analysis yielded interesting results about the effect of educational level on both latent cognitive ability and specific performance in the mini mental test examination. The predictive ability of the model is illustrated by predicting diagnosis of dementia at the 8 year follow-up of the PAQUID study based on the information from the first 5 years.     

Essential components of curricula for preparing therapists to work effectively with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients: a Delphi study

The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, experiences, and values that therapists should possess to provide quality therapy services to lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons and their families. Using the Delphi method, consensus from a panel of experts on LGB topics was obtained on the components that training curricula should ideally include to prepare therapists adequately to work with this population. Panelists provide suggestions for important therapist values and qualities, key theoretical orientations, common issues of LGB clients and their support persons, key components of assessment and interventions, ethical and legal issues, and recommended materials. The panelists stress self-of-the-therapist work and development of a systemic perspective as critical aspects of training. The role of sexuality was deemphasized. Recommendations to training programs based on these findings are provided.     

Up-to-dateness and accuracy of sampling statistics of the population and of the economically active population

The up-to-dateness and accuracy of the population and labor force statistics derived from the micro-census in the Federal Republic of Germany are assessed. The goals, development, and content of micro-censuses carried out between 1957 and 1982 are first reviewed. The next section deals with problems of up-to-dateness, including the speed with which results are produced and their thematic relevance. The remaining sections focus on problems of accuracy, with attention to the sampling plan, random errors, and systematic errors.     

口啤的力量

没有人否认口碑拥有成就或毁灭一个新产品的强大力量,只要问问那些曾被消费者大肆抨击或赞扬的厂商,你自然就会明白。营销专家早就认识到了好口碑或坏口碑对新产品命运的重要性。但网络、互联网论坛和社交网站的出现,却让口碑拥有了以惊人的速度将一个产品从全球英雄变成狗熊的能力。有一个已被视为经典的案例：2004年,一个互联网论坛上的帖子,     

天线罩覆盖的波束近轴场

本文根据复射线法对通过介质天线罩的高斯波束场进行近轴近似分析。实空间的轴向复射线追综大大简化了计算过程,而复相位差、反射-传输系数和曲面扩散系数的进一步校正则提供了相当精确的结果。所得数字结果表明,在波束的近轴区域内为获得同样的计算精度,近轴近似法所需要的计算机时间远小于复射线追综法的时间。     

教育社会学的发展及其理论

从教育的社会学到教育社会学十九世纪末二十世纪初,许多社会学家和教育家抛弃了那种认为人类事务皆由命运安排的流行信念,坚信智慧可以指引社会为达到崇高的目标而前进。在这些倡仪者中,有沃德(LesterWard)和斯莫尔(Albion Small)这样的社会学先驱者,也有詹姆斯(William James)和杜威(John Dewey)这样著名的教育家。     

时间的体验及其操作性概念(上)

一、时间的体验我们自己的体验时间的推移是我们大家都很熟悉的。一天一天的到来与过去。随着每天时间的流逝,我们逐渐老起来。在这高度机械化的今天,数不清的时钟滴答滴答地响着,并决定着亿万人的各种日程安排。因此,对我们来说,时间的推移是属于第二种性质的概念。这一点我们大家都是完全了解的。     

The dynamics and differentials of fertility in the USSR (survey results)

The results of a fertility survey carried out in the USSR in 1978 are presented. The survey included 33,076 women aged 18 to 59. Data are included on fertility rates by region and Union Republic and by urban or rural area, and on expected fertility of women aged 18 to 44. Changes in actual and desired fertility over time are compared for five-year periods from 1945 to 1978. Differences in fertility are analyzed by type of settlement, educational status, and nationality.