蒙古人的一部历史文化档案──评《游牧文化》

蒙古人的一部历史文化档案──评《游牧文化》波·土默特夫北京中央民族大学副教授邢莉女士所著《游犹文化》一书，今年３月已由北京燕山出版社出版。全书３９万字。内容涉猎了蒙古族的游牧、狩猎、贸易、服饰、饮食、居室、交通、生诞、婚丧、节庆、礼仪、教育、科技、文...     

西藏塑像研究与保护中的宗教和伦理问题

前言研究和保护西藏塑像涉及许多复杂的问题，部分原因是由于这些作品的制作并非完全出于美学的目的，作品在严肃的西藏宗教活动中发挥着各种功能。对于密宗塑像来说，多种功能甚至是共同的。密宗塑像是用来传授秘密教义的，密咒本续文献中有载。就是这些塑像向学者和保护者们提出了最复杂的问题和伦理的窘境。在西方现存的收藏品中，这些塑像难以被忽视。不管怎样，有一些明确的步骤使保护专家可以从事对西藏佛教塑像的研究，并且保证伦理的选择被充分地考虑了。西藏宗教活动中偶像塑像的作用1．佛教塑像佛教涉及怜悯的发展和对无的认识及…     

我的医生朋友

我的心脏突然犯了病,于是去看我的一个医生朋友。他给我作了一番认真仔细的检查之后,给我开了一种药:“服用这种药后,可能会出现头疼。不过,你不必大惊小怪。”果然,我的头疼得要命。医生十分得意。“我事先提醒过你。”他微笑着对我说,“我曾多次发现过这种症状。”说着他给我开了一种止痛药。吃过之后,头疼消失了,可胃却开始疼起来。“太好啦!止痛药用过了量,就会使消化系统紊乱。好吧,我给你开一种对症的     

生活在第一线

在政治家与记者之间,站着一个至关重要的角色——发言人。本文是美国国务院前发言人詹姆斯·鲁宾的经验之谈。     

罗莎·卢森堡与发展中国家金融危机的社会化

顾海良从马克思主义的问题和传统这两个层面,分析了罗莎·卢森堡思想研究的当代意义在问题层面上,通过分析两个世纪之交历史发展的相似处和不同点,指出研究罗莎·卢森堡所处时代的特点及其思想,对我们理解马克思主义历史命运问题的启示;在传统层面上,提出恩格斯逝世以后马克思主义的理论分野产生三个支流,其中以德国社会民主党罗莎·卢森堡理论为渊源的西方马克思主义,其代表人物卢卡奇、柯尔施、葛兰西均受罗莎·卢森堡的影响。简·托伯罗维斯基研究了罗莎·卢森堡对金融危机的治疗办法,强调其与发展中国家具有更大的相关性。彼特·胡第斯指出,罗莎·卢森堡的后资本主义社会观念,讨论了当今时代的重要问题——获取政权后对革命民主的需要。夏莹分析了拉克劳与墨菲对“卢森堡困境”的批判,指出这一困境并不存在,其所反映出的正是卢森堡试图通过对特殊性(偶然性)的强调,来建构一种马克思哲学意义上的普遍性,因而她与拉克劳的领导权理论恰恰具有本质上的家族相似性。     

中国蒙古文学史料学的起始与发展

蒙古文学研究的基础和前提是蒙古文学史料。随着国内外蒙古文学研究的不断拓展和深入,蒙古文学史料搜集整理已逐步发展成为蒙古文学史料学。蒙古文学史料学包括蒙古文学的田野调查、史料整理、考订、选录、笺释、校注、校勘、辑评等诸多研究内涵。中国蒙古文学研究取得巨大成就,得益于蒙古文学史料学的长足发展。我们应当总结以往蒙古文学史料学研究的经验,使蒙古文学史料学更加系统化、科学化和理论化。     

The timing of maternity in the Netherlands

In this paper the timing of maternity is estimated by a hazard model. The novel aspect of this paper is that it is shown that wages and total household labor income have a significant effect on the timing of maternity. Both the wage rate of the woman and the wage rate of the husband have a negative effect on the timing of maternity. Total household labor income increases the probability of having a child at an earlier age. Calculated elasticities show that the timing of maternity is relatively elastic with respect to wage rates. However, the elasticities of the decision whether or not to have children altogether are much smaller. Women working in the labor market delay the timing of maternity compared to non-participating women. Attending school has the same effect. Until the age of 28 the maternity hazard increases with age, after that it decreases.We benefited from comments on previous drafts by Siv Gustafsson, Joop Hartog, Peter Kee, Herriette Maassen van den Brink, Eddie Mekkelholt, Joop Odink, Hessel Oosterbeek, Hans van Ophem, Gusta Renes, Andre Voskamp, two anonymous referees, and the Managing Editor of this Journal. This paper is a revised version of a paper presented at the third annual meeting of the European Society for Population Economics, Paris, June 1989. The usual disclaimer applies.     

Helping oneself by helping others: evaluation of a service credit banking demonstration

Between 1987 and 1990, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded six service credit banking demonstration programs among the elderly in which participants delivered services in return for credits, entitling them to later service. This evaluation of the demonstrations found that these six sites successfully attracted elders for the delivery of household support services to a relatively old, frail population with potentially limited social networks. Evidence on the significance of the "credit" in attracting volunteers was mixed, but the programs have attracted new volunteers, and have not substituted for other volunteer activities. Program development has entailed considerable staff investment in volunteer support; programs are better understood as community membership organizations than as mechanical exchanges.     

Woman cadres are women's friends

The All-China Women's Federation (WF) is a non-governmental organization of women and the highest leading body of the Women's Federations at all levels of the country. The WFS spare no efforts to do women good turns, work for their well-being and serve them wholeheartedly. The WFs are actively organizing women to learn to read and write and to acquire skills. The WFs play a role in protecting and education women, and in struggling for the safeguard of the legitimate rights of women and children. The WFs at all levels have been showing great concern for family planning. Finally, the WFs devote much attention to the training of women cadres, and to the improvement of their cultural level and working ability.     

The Canadian temporary visa programme as an alternative to the European guest worker scheme

This article analyzes Canada's employment visa program, through which foreigners enter the Canadian labor market for relatively short time periods. It further demonstrates some major differences between this policy and the European guest worker scheme. Governments in Western Europe viewed guest workers' benefits as preventing wages and inflation from rising, allowing profits and investments to increase, and sustaining economic growth. A question to consider is whether guest workers' demands on social services, in relation to their tax and other contributions, exceed those of the indigenous population and thus reduce their profitability. Canada, in contrast, has avoided the need to provide services for the children of foreign workers or jobs for their spouses by limiting visa length to a maximum of 1 year. The majority of employment visa holders to Canada enter without dependents. Another difference is the far smaller scope of the Canadian program. Canada's employment visa program provides only about 0.5% of total employment, whereas guest workers in European countries may comprise up to 23% (Switzerland). The occupations of service and teaching account for the majority of workers included in the Canadian visa program, while manufacturing subsumes a large share of European guest workers. It is important to stress that, with relatively low levels for permanent immigration to Canada, the employment visa program rivals that flow as a yearly contributor to labor supply, indicating a need for closer attention to the evaluation of this policy.