基于组合评价的中国区域协调发展水平研究

伴随我国改革开放30年经济高速增长,区域协调水平也在不断变化,本文从经济、城乡、社会、环境与协调能力五个方面入手,采用主成分分析与层次分析两种方法构成的组合评价法对2000年与2007年中国区域协调水平进行评价,发现区域协调水平呈现出"东强、中弱、西更弱"的格局,但是这一格局随着区域政策的实施与细化呈现一定的变化,证明了坚持不懈的实施区域协调发展战略的意义。     

初次分配的公平性与财政政策导向

中共十七大报告明确表达了通过调整分配关系提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,"逐步扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势"的良好意愿。这一目标,既契合了马克思主义劳动价值论,又与社会主义"按劳分配"的原则相适应,堪称以马克思主义理论为依据的科学决策。收入分配职能是财政的一项基本职能,发挥财政政策的导向作用,对于贯彻落实初次分配公平的目标,"逐步扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势"有着积极作用。     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

关于完善人民代表大会制度的法律思考

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清点中国少数民族文学五十年

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如何拯救：莫言《酒国》拯救事件的文学建构

“救救孩子”作为文学母题曾被反复书写。追溯莫言的创作谱系,该文学母题的书写具有共性和个性,不能简单地将其归之为社会或者启蒙主题。莫言《酒国》是一个独异的文本,它是文化、市场和社会的合力的结果,这些细微的征兆可由文本的微观和宏观隐喻显现;莫言从社会问题切入,链接问题的文化、历史和社会层面,以审美现代性质疑经济现代化的病症,他从制度、引导者和批评的角度思考拯救孩子的可能性。莫言没有提出具体的拯救路径,但不能简单地将《酒国》贴上隐喻批判的标签,他从人物设置、情节处理和叙述者声音视角等方面探索问题的解决;莫言在时代限制和书写的阈限中试图勾勒现代“救救孩子”的文学路线,从叙述多重声音、戏仿经典“拯救”模式、文体互文等角度突破“救救孩子”的原有模式进行解构书写,尝试突破书写困境,凸显拯救书写的纵深性和复杂性,简单用“晦涩”和搁置评价的态度视之并不可取。     

我国农业政策如何取向:例证美农业法案调整

美国2014年农业法案提高补贴效能,注重因地制宜;调控手段更加市场化,有望避免贸易争端;突出了农业保险作用,注重农业风险管理;强化了中长期农业支持,全面提升农业竞争力;更注重政策公平性,充分体现民生取向。该法案启示我们:政策制定重法治、政策取向市场化、风险管理多层次、支持发展可持续等是农业政策的基本演变趋势。我国应加快农业发展规划和立法,加大农业支持力度,改革农业政策手段,减少对市场扭曲,完善农业保险,强化农业风险管理,调整农业政策目标,促进农业可持续发展。     

高校贫困生勤工助学存在的问题及对策

基于对当前高校贫困生勤工助学现状的分析,指出了其中存在的问题,提出了以人为本,切实加强贫困生勤工助学工作的工作思路,即高校必须高度重视勤工助学工作、切实贯彻弹性学制、强化贫困生勤工助学的基础性工作,同时在宣传导向上,应鼓励、帮助大学生工读自立,且应对受资助大学生予以更人性的关怀。     

“钞”和“抄”词义演变考

现代汉语中,"钞"主要指钱币,而"抄"多表书写、抢掠等动词义。历史上"钞"和"抄"的词义交错纷繁,"钞"由"用以叉取的金属器具"引申出书写、劫掠等动词义;魏晋时"抄"作为"钞"的另一种书写形式出现,至唐宋逐渐替代了"钞"的词义;宋代"钞"成为指代纸币的专有名词。