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191.
This article compares in regression models the effects of occupational status of both fathers and mothers simultaneously upon the attainment of men and women in the Irish Republic. The sample matches male respondents from the 1973/1974 Irish Mobility Study with the labour active female sibling next closest in age. Since the analysis compares working siblings and each 'matched pair' shares the same family origin characteristics, the problems attendant upon using a sample originally of men only are partially avoided. The results advance beyond previous research since, rather than separate models by gender, models include parents and children of both genders, allowing direct rather than indirect evaluation of gender-based determinants of occupational attainment. Both fathers and mothers significantly affect children's attainment, in ways that vary by the child's gender. The results highlight the salience of mothers' attainment for their children and question the 'mainstream' model of equivalent mechanisms of occupational attainment for both genders. Models of social mobility that consider men and women as special instances of a general perspective provide the most fruitful approach for further development. 相似文献
192.
Although surveys are extensively used in sociology, there has been a relative neglect of the effect of task definition upon results obtained. The present article examines the effects of one such task variable, length and specificity of the cue, on response sets concerning the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumed. In one survey format, respondents were asked to report the average number of days drinking per month, and the average number of drinks consumed on each of these occasions. In the second format, questions concerning the monthly frequency of alcohol consumption and quantity consumed were decomposed by twelve drinking locations. The results indicate dramatic increases both in terms of frequency and quantity between the two questionnaire formats. Implications of these results are discussed within the framework of the methodological phenomena of telescoping and the social psychological tendency to under-report threatening behaviors. 相似文献
193.
194.
DEAN M.YOUNG PATRICK L. ODELL JOHN W. SEAMAN JR. 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1994,36(1):95-100
We present an explicit characterization of the joint dependency structure of an n×p matrix normal random matrix such that the p-dimensional sample mean vector is independent of all translation invariant statistics. 相似文献
195.
K. A. Ariyawansa 《Statistical Papers》1994,35(1):139-150
While applying theclassical maximum likelihood method for a certain statistical inference problem, Smith and Weissman [5] have noted that there are conditions
under which the likelihood function may be unbounded above or may not possess local maximizers. Ariyawansà and Templeton [1]
have derived inference procedures for this problem using the theory of structural inference [2,3,4]. Based on numerical experience,
and without proof, they state that the resulting likelihood functions possess unique, global maximizers, even in instances
where the classical maximum likelihood method fails in the above sense. In this paper, we prove that under quite mild conditions,
these likelihood functions that result from the application of the theory of structural inference are well-behaved, and possess
unique, global maximizers.
This research was supported in part by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the U.S. Department of Energy under
contract W-31-109-Eng-38 while the author was visiting the Mathematics and Computer Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory,
Argonne, Illinois. 相似文献
196.
UNDERSTANDING MAIL SURVEY RESPONSE BEHAVIOR A META-ANALYSIS 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
YAMMARINO FRANCIS J.; SKINNER STEVEN J.; CHILDERS TERRY L. 《Public opinion quarterly》1991,55(4):613-639
A meta-analysis of prior studies of techniques designed to inducemail survey response rates was conducted. Research encompassing184 effects (study outcomes) in 115 studies (articles) for 17predictors of response rate was examined. The average effectsize across all manipulations was r=.065, indicating an averageincrease of about 6.5 percent in response rates for manipulations.Effect sizes for specific predictors and two potential moderatorsof effects were examined. Results indicated that repeated contactsin the form of preliminary notification and follow-ups, appeals,inclusion of a return envelope, postage, and monetary incentives,were effective in increasing survey response rates. Significanteffect sizes for the predictors ranged from an increase in responseof 2 percent to 31 percent. Implications of the results forthe conduct of mail surveys and future research on mail surveyresponse behavior are discussed. 相似文献
197.
The multiple self-referent model (Brown-Collins & Sussewell, 1986) provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the personal, social, and historical aspects of self-concept formation in African American women and has important implications for understanding the complexity of career development issues for Black women. Excerpts from recorded interviews and autobiographical writings of four well-known African American women provide examples of the basic components of this model. Suggested interventions for career counseling with Black female clients are discussed. 相似文献
198.
Allan F. Abrahamse Peter A. Morrison Nancy Minter Bolton 《Population research and policy review》1994,13(4):383-398
Surname analysis is a potentially useful technique for identifying members of particular racial, ethnic, or language communities within a population. We review the existing state of the art for identifying persons of Hispanic or Asian origin, based on surnames distinctive of each group. We describe the logic of surname analysis, profile several available surname dictionaries, and illustrate their applications in local redistricting. Results of our ongoing validation studies suggest promising future directions for improving accuracy and broadening applications.This article is based on a paper presented at the annual Population Association of America meetings at Cincinnati, 1 April 1993. 相似文献
199.
200.
A distinction is made between the cohesive self and the nuclear self. The latter represents a consolidation of the self that occurs in late adolescence and that results from the integration of life goals and ambitions into a coherent narrative. This paper presents a case in which a pseudo-consolidation appears to have occurred in an adolescent with an undiagnosed learning disability.Ms. Silbar is in private practice. 相似文献