试论维吾尔民间故事中的神化形象

本文论析了维吾尔民间故事常提及的神化形象如妖魔、恶魔、凶龙、仙女、赫孜尔、巫神、独眼龙、恶鬼、凤凰等的性格、起源和作用.     

An algorithm for estimating Box–Cox transformation parameter in ANOVA

In this study, we construct a feasible region, in which we maximize the likelihood function, by using Shapiro–Wilk and Bartlett's test statistics to obtain Box–Cox power transformation parameter for solving the issues of non-normality and/or heterogeneity of variances in analysis of variance (ANOVA). Simulation studies illustrate that the proposed approach is more successful in attaining normality and variance stabilization, and is at least as good as the usual maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in estimating the transformation parameter for different conditions. Our proposed method is illustrated on two real-life datasets. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is released under R package AID under the name of “boxcoxfr” for implementation.     

西域民族丧葬习俗的演变及文化渊源

本论文根据考古资料及历史文献,探讨西域古代民族在信仰伊斯兰教之前的萨满教、祆教、佛教等不同时期,其丧葬习俗中对火、太阳、天、东方等崇拜,以及灵魂不死的观念,都反映了其不同的文化背景,并对它所反映的文化背景进行论述。     

Coordinated Logistics: Joint Replenishment with Capacitated Transportation for a Supply Chain

In this study, we consider the integrated inventory replenishment and transportation operations in a supply chain where the orders placed by the downstream retailer are dispatched by the upstream warehouse via an in‐house fleet of limited size. We first consider the single‐item single‐echelon case where the retailer operates with a quantity based replenishment policy, (r,Q), and the warehouse is an ample supplier. We model the transportation operations as a queueing system and derive the operating characteristics of the system in exact terms. We extend this basic model to a two‐echelon supply chain where the warehouse employs a base‐stock policy. The departure process of the warehouse is characterized in distribution, which is then approximated by an Erlang arrival process by matching the first two moments for the analysis of the transportation queueing system. The operating characteristics and the expected cost rate are derived. An extension of this system to multiple retailers is also discussed. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance and the sensitivity of the models and the value of coordinating inventory and transportation operations.     

麻赫穆德·喀什噶里及其《突厥语词典》中的文学语言

麻赫穆德·喀什噶里编著的《突厥语词典》是一部高水平的百科全书,麻赫穆德·喀什噶里对突厥语言学、方言学和比较语言学作出了重大贡献.哈喀尼耶突厥语与佛教文献中的回鹘语基本上是一样的,都是鄂尔浑-叶尼塞时期古代回鹘语不同发展阶段的继续.现代维吾尔语的喀什土语仍保存着哈喀尼耶突厥语在其他突厥语中所没有保存的一些最重要的语言特征.     

Cost–benefit analysis of a PMTCT program in Mozambique

The costs and benefits of a HIV/AIDS PMTCT program in a Mozambican city were calculated. The provision and non-provision of infant feeding formula were considered, along with voluntary counselling and testing, and anti-retroviral treatment with Nevirapine. Costs were calculated in monetary units and benefits as deaths averted and disability-adjusted life years. The UNAIDS cost-effectiveness tool for evaluating ARV drug and substitute feeding interventions was used. The costs of the program were compared with the costs of treating HIV-infected children. With no infant feeding formula, there would be a total savings of US$5242 and a negative cost per DALY of US$1.53 without infant feeding formula. With formula, net annual costs would be US$141,268 and cost per DALY US$38.69. Citywide, each year 132 infant deaths would be averted by use of Nevirapine and eight averted by the breastmilk replacement program. All program options have reasonable cost-effectiveness ratios.     

THE TURKISH CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT

During the 2011–2015 period, Turkey's current account deficit as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) was one of the largest among the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries. In this paper, we examine if this deficit can be considered optimal using the Engel and Rogers's approach. In this framework, the current account of a country is determined by the expected discounted present value of its future share of world GDP relative to its current share. A country whose income is anticipated to rise relative to the rest of the world is expected to borrow now and run a current account deficit. Our findings suggest that Turkey's current account deficit in 2015 may be considered optimal if the Turkish economy's share in the world economy could continue to grow at rates similar to the past or to the predictions from professional forecasts. The same approach, however, indicates that the current account deficit in 2011, at its peak, was unlikely to be optimal. (JEL F32, F41, F43)     

GMM inference in spatial autoregressive models

In this study, we investigate the finite sample properties of the optimal generalized method of moments estimator (OGMME) for a spatial econometric model with a first-order spatial autoregressive process in the dependent variable and the disturbance term (for short SARAR(1, 1)). We show that the estimated asymptotic standard errors for spatial autoregressive parameters can be substantially smaller than their empirical counterparts. Hence, we extend the finite sample variance correction methodology of Windmeijer (2005 Windmeijer, F. (2005). A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators. Journal of Econometrics 126(1):25–51.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to the OGMME for the SARAR(1, 1) model. Results from simulation studies indicate that the correction method improves the variance estimates in small samples and leads to more accurate inference for the spatial autoregressive parameters. For the same model, we compare the finite sample properties of various test statistics for linear restrictions on autoregressive parameters. These tests include the standard asymptotic Wald test based on various GMMEs, a bootstrapped version of the Wald test, two versions of the C(α) test, the standard Lagrange multiplier (LM) test, the minimum chi-square test (MC), and two versions of the generalized method of moments (GMM) criterion test. Finally, we study the finite sample properties of effects estimators that show how changes in explanatory variables impact the dependent variable.