农村老年人医疗保障调查及制度完善的建议——以重庆市渝北区三社区老年人医疗保障情况调查为例

对重庆市渝北区三社区老年人医疗保障状况的实证调查,反映出农村老年人的医疗保障制度存在着保障程度较低,保障范围较窄,农村老年人看病难、看病贵的问题。并且部分社区基层卫生服务机构缺失,进一步加大了农村老年人看病就医与医疗资源稀缺的矛盾。交通不便也在一定程度上增大了农村老年人就医的成本。为此,应该从以下几方面完善农村老年人医疗保障：一是设立农村老年人定期免费或部分资助的体检制度;二是为农村家庭养老提供社会支持;三是加强农村基本公共卫生服务建设;四是加大农村地区公共医疗卫生服务力度,定期送医下乡;五是完善农村医疗保险制度,逐步提高农村居民门诊医药费的年度报销比例,加强基层医疗卫生服务,并设立针对农村老年人特种疾病的专项救助基金。     

论阿兰.巴迪欧的主体观

巴迪欧认为存在着唯物主义和唯心主义两种传统的主体范式,唯物范式将主体简化为身体,唯心范式则将主体与身体分开。前者执著于生命中的死亡体验,是世俗性的“享受”;后者注重死亡中的生命体验,呈现为宗教般的“牺牲”,但二者最终走向死亡。因此,巴迪欧提出了第三种主体范式,它处于真理生成的轨道中,居于事件与真理之间,并忠诚于事件。在新的主体范式中,主体与身体具有同一性,既不可分也不可约,两者结合在一起,却又保持着彼此的特殊性。巴迪欧给出的是主体化的身体,这一新的身体作为两者的结合体而出现。     

A New Approach for Testing Periodicity

This article describes testing for periodicity in the presence of FD processes. We propose two approaches for testing the periodicity based on Fisher's test. The first one is performed using the periodogram which has been divided into different parts. The second one is based on the discrete wavelet transform. Properties of the tests are illustrated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.     

New estimators of distribution functions

ABSTRACT

This article considers the estimation of a distribution function F_X(x) based on a random sample X₁, X₂, …, X_n when the sample is suspected to come from a close-by distribution F₀(x). The new estimators, namely the preliminary test (PTE) and Stein-type estimator (SE) are defined and compared with the “empirical distribution function” (edf) under local departure. In this case, we show that Stein-type estimators are superior to edf and PTE is superior to edf when it is close to F₀(x). As a by-product similar estimators are proposed for population quantiles.     

Ridge Autoregression Estimation: LS Method

In an AR (p)-model, least-squares estimation of the parameters is considered when it is suspected that the parameters may belong to a linear subspace and the estimated covariance matrix is ill-conditioned. Accordingly, we define five estimators and study their properties in an asymptotic setup to discover dominance properties based on asymptotic distributional bias (ADB), MSE (ADMSE) matrices, and under quadratic risks (ADQR).     

Optimum Critical Value for Pre-Test Estimator

In this paper, methods are proposed in finding the robust design in both Taguchi and Standard setups when a signal factor is present. The robust design is a set of level combinations of control factors so that the effect of controllable noise factors on response is minimum. Both univariate and multivariate methods are used in finding the influential noise factors for the determination of robust designs.     

Regression model with elliptically contoured errors

For the regression model y=X β+ε where the errors follow the elliptically contoured distribution, we consider the least squares, restricted least squares, preliminary test, Stein-type shrinkage and positive-rule shrinkage estimators for the regression parameters, β.

We compare the quadratic risks of the estimators to determine the relative dominance properties of the five estimators.     

多重人格语境下商人身份与人格关系研究

罗马法上的人格同时规定了人在公法与私法上的主体地位,是一种通用型人格,因此罗马法上的人格是法律主体资格而非权利主体资格。德国法上民事人格采取的是权利能力理论,而商事人格采取的是商人"身份人格理论",即商人既是一种身份,又是商事主体,商人在获得商人身份的同时获得商事人格,成为商事主体。某一主体可以同时获得多重人格"面具",也可以仅仅获得单一人格"面具"。民事人格、商事人格等独立的类型化人格所形成的人格多重性,其缘由在于诸法合一向诸法分立的转变以及社会分工加深了"完整人"向"局部人"的蜕变。现代人格理论的缺陷在于将民法上的"人"当作法律上的"人",试图以"局部人(民法上的人)"替代"完整人(法律上的人)",将类型化人格(民事人格)作为通用型人格使用。     

“Chemophobia” Today: Consumers’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Chemicals

This mixed‐methods study investigated consumers’ knowledge of chemicals in terms of basic principles of toxicology and then related this knowledge, in addition to other factors, to their fear of chemical substances (i.e., chemophobia). Both qualitative interviews and a large‐scale online survey were conducted in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland. A Mokken scale was developed to measure laypeople's toxicological knowledge. The results indicate that most laypeople are unaware of the similarities between natural and synthetic chemicals in terms of certain toxicological principles. Furthermore, their associations with the term “chemical substances” and the self‐reported affect prompted by these associations are mostly negative. The results also suggest that knowledge of basic principles of toxicology, self‐reported affect evoked by the term “chemical substances,” risk‐benefit perceptions concerning synthetic chemicals, and trust in regulation processes are all negatively associated with chemophobia, while general health concerns are positively related to chemophobia. Thus, to enhance informed consumer decisionmaking, it might be necessary to tackle the stigmatization of the term “chemical substances” as well as address and clarify prevalent misconceptions.