Community engagement in the Aboriginal Families Study: Strategies to promote participation

Background

Aboriginal women and families are under-represented in Australian research on pregnancy and childbirth. The Aboriginal Families Study aimed to investigate the views and experiences of a representative sample of women giving birth to an Aboriginal baby in South Australia between July 2011 and June 2013, using methods designed to respect Aboriginal culture and communities.

Mindfulness,meditation, and breathing exercises: reduced anxiety for clients and self-care for social work interns

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to identify and describe a teaching tool that supports social work student success in the classroom and in field placement. The project introduced mindfulness, meditation, and breathing techniques to 2nd-year master of social work (MSW) students in a group classroom setting and engaged students as they applied those techniques in their internship settings with clients. Students were introduced to mindfulness, meditation, and breathing techniques through lecture, experimental exercises, video clips, and case studies and used the group setting to learn to use those tools to add trauma-informed mindfulness interventions to the clinical techniques they concurrently practiced in field placement. Students learned methods to incorporate those interventions into their psychotherapy/counseling sessions with clients and discovered that mindfulness-specific interventions also helped regulate their own autonomic nervous systems, contributing to decreased anxiety. Thus, mindfulness skills taught in social work programs have significant multidimensional benefits; engaging a group classroom setting to learn to utilize mindfulness, meditation and breathing techniques can reduce stress and anxiety for clients and promote adaptive self-care skills for MSW students.     

Walking a well-being tightrope: young people in Australia

The economic and social contribution young people make to society is increasingly important as the population ages. Yet a substantial number of young people face economic and social challenges that have an impact on their current and future well-being. Independent indicators are often used to describe what we know about how young people are faring, but these fail to show how young people are doing holistically, across their whole life. If we are to better understand and improve young people??s well-being and their lives more generally, it is critical that research establishes the connections and interactions between life domains. This paper uses a well-being framework and secondary analysis of national statistics to begin to understand how young people are faring when we cross economic outcomes with other social indicators. It argues that some Australian young people fare poorly across a large number of other social indicators and thus may be walking a tightrope in regard to their well-being and well-becoming. This paper also aims to generate a dialogue about using a well-being framework for future research with and about young people.     

Georges gurvitch and the dialectic of sociological knowledge

This is a translation of the “Preface” and “Introduction” to Georges Gurvitch'sDialectique et Sociologie, published in Paris by Flammarion in 1962. It appears here for the first time in English. The translator's remarks place Georges Gurvitch's dialectical method in an historical and theoretical context, and criticize some of the major assumptions of Gurvitch's position. I am grateful to the Librairie Ernest Flammarion for its kind permission to reproduce these pages. I wish to thank Ian and Evelyn Daix-Jones and Nathalie Babel Brown for their help in rendering Gurvitch's thought into English. The work is copyright Flammarian Publishers.     

Use of robust estimators of missing data in evaluating shiftwork performance

Abstract

Major problems apparent in studies evaluating the performance of employees across a large number of shifts often involve data missing due to a lack of employee participation in all possible shifts, and large variance around central tendency estimators owing to extreme responses on performance measures. These problems and possible solutions are considered here with reference to a data set collected from a number of shiftworkers in the steel industry. Data were collected from 28 employees over a morning shift and night-shift roster. The shift consisted of two cycles of MORNING-MORNING-NIGHT-NIGHT. The employees were male computer operators working a 12-h shift. The work required them to be constantly alert, and to read, monitor and respond to messages from multiple media channels. Included in the test battery were five performance indicators of cognitive speed and power. This battery was delivered using two IBM computers, which controlled the sequences and administration of the cognitive tasks. Administration of the battery was conducted in the work room and undertaken as close as possible to starting work, and as close as possible to completing work. The findings indicate that regression modelling was the most efficient way of estimating missing data. The use of M-estimators reduced the influence of extreme values on parameter estimation, and increased effect size over that observed using raw data.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

歌德与“世界文学”

歌德对世界文学影响巨大。他的作品被翻译成48种语言,是各国经典的重要组成部分。歌德通晓多种语言,熟悉欧洲国家各历史时代的文学作品和形式,他翻译、戏仿或用这些作品的风格写作。《浮士德》简直是欧洲文学传统的汇集。歌德还对世界各地的民歌有着浓厚的兴趣,积极搜集欧洲主流之外的作品。他参与"世界文学"的最突出的例子是两本诗集《西东诗集》和《中德四季晨昏杂咏》。前者受波斯诗人哈菲兹影响,后者受中国戏剧和小说影响。歌德希望借文化了解来提高宽容度,他的"世界文学"我们现在称之为"跨文化交流",指一系列的全球对话和交换。在这些对话和交换中,不同文化的共性日趋明显,个性却也并未被抹杀。歌德通过广泛的学术阅读、文本翻译来了解世界上各种文化的观点,并宽容地对待这些观点,平静地接受或忽略它们。歌德赞同康德艺术和科学相互启发的观点。他的科学实践以及"世界文学"实践都是为了寻找一切生命体在不同中体现出的统一和和谐。