探讨散文的文学性——王充闾与王向峰的一次对话

王向峰:我们过去曾谈过散文的文学性问题,今天可以详细谈这个专题了。文学性怎么才能在创作实践当中表现出来,这个可以从你的散文创作,也可以从其他经典作家的作品,从这些作品的表现当中来探讨。总而言之,一个总体目的,就是真正把散文的文学根基尽量找到。这样的话,不论对于创作散文,还是欣赏散文,都知道重点在什么地方。我考虑了这么几个问题。在这之前,我把你的散文篇章重新读了一遍,特别是人民文学出版社出版的这本——《王充闾散文》,这里有些篇章我都重新读了,我们可以在这些问题上用具体作品来解读。     

Einsatz von Simulationspatienten im Kommunikations- und Interaktionstraining für Medizinerinnen und Mediziner (Medi-KIT): Bedarfsanalyse — Training — Perspektiven

Communication skills are of central importance within daily medical life providing effective treatment. In the modern high-tech field of medicine, trustful conversations play a prominent role. In order to help students of the Heidelberg Medical Faculty to be ready for their highly responsible role as communication partner, training is carried out in the framework of HeiCuMed (short for Heidelberger Curriculum Medicinale) using specially trained simulation patients. The communication and interaction training program (referred to as Medi-KIT) enables to practice conducting conversations with challenging communication partners and grave conversational content in difficult situations. Feedback from the standardized patients, as well as from peers and tutors represents a central didactic element.In order to secure knowledge transfer into daily clinic life and as well to build a relation to cognitive knowledge transfer, all medical students are assigned, alongside Medi-KIT lessons, to a ward, and training units are coordinated in terms of content to correspond with symptom-oriented lectures and parallel POL-groups (problem-oriented learning groups). In addition, communication learning objectives are examined at the end of the semester in the form of a clinical practical exam (OSCE: Objective Structured Clinical Examination) and at patient’s bedside (Mini-CEX: Mini Clinical Examination). The goal in imparting communication skills within medical education is that the longitudinal communication curriculum be maintained and continued in subsequent medical specialization studies.     

Die Einstellung zur Einführung des „Doppelpasses“

In this study the attitude towards the new nationality law in Germany is explained by a value/expectancy theory of attitude. 215 standardized face-to-face-interviews were performed with a quota sample. The results of this survey show that the value and expectancy theory of attitude is extremely successful in explaining the attitude towards the new nationality law. Models explaining the predictor variable of the attitude theory and a feedback-model were tested.     

Separator-based data reduction for signed graph balancing

Polynomial-time data reduction is a classical approach to hard graph problems. Typically, particular small subgraphs are replaced by smaller gadgets. We generalize this approach to handle any small subgraph that has a small separator connecting it to the rest of the graph. The problem we study is the NP-hard Balanced Subgraph problem, which asks for a 2-coloring of a graph that minimizes the inconsistencies with given edge labels. It has applications in social networks, systems biology, and integrated circuit design. The data reduction scheme unifies and generalizes a number of previously known data reductions, and can be applied to a large number of graph problems where a coloring or a subset of the vertices is sought. To solve the instances that remain after reduction, we use a fixed-parameter algorithm based on iterative compression with a very effective heuristic speedup. Our implementation can solve biological real-world instances exactly for which previously only approximations were known. In addition, we present experimental results for financial networks and random networks.     

A Note on Exponentially Smoothed Seasonal Differences

Filtering economic time series can be justified if variations within a certain frequency interval are relevant for the problem at hand. It is shown here that exponential smoothing of seasonal differences provides a simple means of damping short oscillations, including seasonal ones.     

从《苔丝》译本比较“增译法”的运用

应用现代翻译理论中的增译法,从景色描写、动作行为、人物语言、心理描写及句式结构几方面对张谷若、吴笛及蒋坚松、彭代合译的《苔丝》译本进行比较研究,并通过具体选段译语分析了三位译者在翻译原著时对增译法的不同理解和运用。     

The acquisition of tacts,mands, and intraverbals by individuals with traumatic brain injury

Two individuals who sustained traumatic brain injuries from motorcycle accidents were taught several verbal responses by using tact, mand, and intraverbal training procedures. The rate of acquisition for each operant and the transfer to untrained verbal operants involving the same response topography were measured. The results showed that tacts and intraverbals were acquired quickest, and training on the tact produced the greatest amount of transfer to the untrained verbal operants. Intraverbal training also resulted in transfer for both subjects, but to varying degrees. Direct mand training proved to be the least efficient way to generate a mand repertoire, and when acquired showed least amount of transfer to the untrained operants. These results seem to be in contrast with the findings of similar research with developmentally disabled individuals, and may have implications for methods of language instruction for the brain injured population.