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71.
Alex C. Michalos Douglas Ramsey Derrek Eberts P. Maurine Kahlke 《Social indicators research》2012,107(2):201-234
The aim of this investigation was to obtain some baseline self-reported data on the health status and overall quality of life
of a sample of residents of the city of Brandon, Manitoba aged 18 years or older, and to measure the impact of a set of designated
health determinants, comparison standards and satisfaction with diverse domains of life on their health and quality of life.
In May and June 2010, 2,500 households from the city of Brandon, Manitoba were randomly selected to receive a mailed out questionnaire
and 518 useable, completed questionnaires were returned. Baseline health status data were obtained using the 8 SF-36 dimensions
of health and 13 items from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System. Determinants of health and overall quality of life included measures of socializing activities, a Good Neighbourhood
Index, Social Support Index, Community Health Index, a measure of free-time exercise levels, health-related behaviours, use
of drugs, health care issues, a set of domain-specific quality of life items, a set of measures concerning criminal victimization,
worries and behaviours concerning victimization and the basic postulates of Multiple Discrepancies Theory. Overall life assessment,
dependent variables included Average Health, happiness, a single item measure of satisfaction with life as a whole, a single
item measure of satisfaction with the overall quality of life, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, Contentment with Life Assessment
Scale and a Subjective Wellbeing Index. Using multiple regression, we explained as much as 75% of the variance in Subjective
Wellbeing scores and as little as 45% in happiness scores. Four clusters of health determinants explained from 20% (Happiness)
to 44% (Average Health) of the variance in the dependent variables. Adding comparison standards and domain satisfaction scores
to the set of health determinants increased our total explanatory power by only 2% points for Average Health (from 44 to 46%),
but more than doubled our explanatory power for Happiness (from 20 to 45%) and for satisfaction with the overall quality of
life (from 31 to 67%). As well, our explanatory power for the single item of Life Satisfaction increased from 34 to 66%, for
the Satisfaction With Life Scale from 39 to 74%, for the Contentment With Life Assessment Scale from 36 to 60%, and for Subjective
Wellbeing from 42 to 75%. This provided very clear evidence that self-perceived good health is not equivalent to perceived
quality of life, confirming evidence reported in our earlier studies. The three most important take-home messages from this
investigation are (1) in assessing the relative influence of any alleged determinants of health and the quality of life, different
sets of alleged determinants will appear to be more or less influential for different dependent variables. Therefore, (2)
researchers should use diverse sets of determinants and dependent variables and (3) it is a big mistake to use measures of
health status as if they were measures of the perceived quality of life. 相似文献
72.
Many diseases, especially cancer, are not static, but rather can be summarized by a series of events or stages (e.g. diagnosis, remission, recurrence, metastasis, death). Most available methods to analyze multi-stage data ignore intermediate events and focus on the terminal event or consider (time to) multiple events as independent. Competing-risk or semi-competing-risk models are often deficient in describing the complex relationship between disease progression events which are driven by a shared progression stochastic process. A multi-stage model can only examine two stages at a time and thus fails to capture the effect of one stage on the time spent between other stages. Moreover, most models do not account for latent stages. We propose a semi-parametric joint model of diagnosis, latent metastasis, and cancer death and use nonparametric maximum likelihood to estimate covariate effects on the risks of intermediate events and death and the dependence between them. We illustrate the model with Monte Carlo simulations and analysis of real data on prostate cancer from the SEER database. 相似文献
73.
ABSTRACTThis article highlights a growing clash between mainstream modernizing and populist anti-modernizing forces in the UK. Whilst scholarship on UK party politics has, for the past three decades, focussed on processes of party modernization, little attention has been paid to the countervailing processes of resistance towards modernization. This contrasts with comparative studies, which show that throughout much of Europe modernization processes have worked to produce populist backlashes from anti-modernizing forces seeking to reassert various types of traditional values and practices. Drawing on the comparative literature on modernization, our argument here is that a similar populist backlash against modernization is occurring across the political spectrum in the UK and has been a factor in: the rise of nationalism associated with UKIP and the SNP; the 2016 BREXIT vote and the efforts of both Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn and Conservative PM Theresa May to distance their parties from the legacies of their modernizing predecessors. Empirically, we show how this increasingly prevalent line of conflict is playing out in the UK, whilst theoretically we argue that a discourse theoretical approach can provide significant advantages over existing approaches for understanding the dynamic interplay between modernizing and anti-modernizing discourses. 相似文献
74.
Les auteurs évaluent les effets de l'association entre politiques d'austérité budgétaire et de réduction du coût du travail, et apportent ainsi quelque éclairage sur les débats en cours. Ils s'attaquent au problème de l'agrégation dans une perspective mondiale au moyen d'un macromodèle mettant en évidence la dynamique de la répartition. La flexibilisation réduit la part salariale et entraîne des rétroactions qui s'enchaînent dans une spirale descendante avec une contraction de l'activité, même dans les économies tirées par les exportations. Les gains initiaux de compétitivité se révèlent éphémères. Sur le long terme, les salaires sont les premiers moteurs de l'économie mondiale, qui réagit positivement aux stimuli keynésiens coordonnés. 相似文献
75.
John Street 《Journal for Cultural Research》2013,17(3):298-313
Abstract How does music ‐ or any cultural artefact ‐ assume significance for those who encounter it? Why does one sound or image come to matter, while others are overlooked or forgotten? The answer is not to be found in the sounds alone, but in the context and conditions in which they are heard. This article explores this argument by considering the case of The Anthology of American Folk Music, a set of recordings from the 1920s and 1930s, which has exercised an extraordinary power over popular music since its release in 1952. Using the arguments expounded by Robert Cantwell and Greil Marcus, and pointing to the uses of music in establishing national identities and mobilising social movements, the article argues for an understanding of music's significance that links social experience, aesthetic pleasure and political values. 相似文献
76.
Alex Kozulin 《思想、文化和活动》2013,20(2):117-129
The first research question of this study concerns the plasticity of cognitive processes of adult learners confronted with the task of adapting to a new language and an unfamiliar system of formal education. The second question inquires into the relative contribution of two different forms of cognitive intervention—the Learning Potential Assessment Device (LPAD) procedure and the cognitive education program—to the cognitive modifiability of immigrant adults. Both forms of intervention were studied in the past but never in comparison. It seemed, therefore, important to compare the performance of immigrant adult students who received only the LPAD procedure with that of the students who received both LPAD and a prolonged cognitive intervention. The results indicate that the cognitive processes of adult immigrants are modifiable, often no less than those of school-age children and that the participation in cognitive education program has an added value for students with relatively high preprogram performance as compared to LPAD alone. 相似文献
77.
The Role of Active Listening in Teacher–Parent Relations and the Moderating Role of Attachment Style
Dotan R. Castro Cohen Alex Gilad Tohar Avraham N. Kluger 《International Journal of Listening》2013,27(3):136-145
This study tested the perceived effectiveness of “Listening-Ask questions-Focus on the issue–Find a first step” method (McNaughton et al., 2008) in a parent–teacher conversation using a scenario study (N?=?208). As expected, a scenario based on this method compared with a scenario of a conversation omitting the four steps of the method was perceived both by teachers and parents as more effective (d?=?1.43). Moreover, it was hypothesized that the effectiveness of this listening method would be found largely among secure participants. Indeed, the findings suggested that anxious people were less sensitive to the manipulation. Research hypotheses regarding avoidant attachment style were not supported, suggesting that more research is needed to better understand the moderating role of attachment style. 相似文献
78.
Robert Ladouceur Alex Blaszczynski Daniel R. Lalande 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(2):215-230
Norway, a Canadian province and Australia have introduced, or are considering introducing, voluntary or mandatory pre-commitment systems for electronic gaming machines. This paper critically reviews the empirical literature evaluating the effectiveness of such systems as a responsible gambling strategy. A literature search identified 17 relevant peer- and non-peer-reviewed publications. Self-report data suggests the majority of gamblers are positively predisposed to the concept of pre-commitment but non-problem and low-risk gamblers regard the system as personally unnecessary. Overall, studies reported variable findings relating to adherence to money limits and expenditure. Few gamblers appear to use options to set time limits. Methodological flaws such as low participation rates, compromised data integrity resulting from card sharing and failure to control for concurrent gambling outside trials limit conclusions drawn regarding the effectiveness of pre-commitment. It is recommended that further systematic trials should be implemented to determine the impact of pre-commitment systems on gamblers' behaviour. 相似文献
79.
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