Imagining Men: Lesbian Mothers’ Perceptions of Male Involvement During the Transition to Parenthood

Much popular and professional literature has focused on the effects of father absence, particularly in lesbian parent households; yet, little attention has been paid to lesbian parents’ preferences and intentions surrounding male involvement. This qualitative study of 60 lesbian women who were transitioning to parenthood explores this issue. Most women desired some level of male involvement, even before their children were born. Far from describing a desire for “father figures,” however, they conceptualized male involvement in novel, diverse, and sometimes ambivalent ways. Having a boy enhanced some women’s motivations to actively pursue male role models for their children. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding of the kinship structure of lesbian‐parent families and families in general.     

当代中国新道德体系的四大辅助体系与功能

社会主义道德体系的重构是建设中国和谐社会的前提。构建新的道德社会所需要的四大社会辅助体系是:社会宣传与发动、社会监督与评估、社会扬弃与教育以及社会认可与保障体系,其中,组合社会功能群有利于唤起人民的主人翁精神,这是实现社会道德重构的充要条件。     

改革开放以来我国对农业认识的三次突破

改革开放 2 0年来 ,我国农业在认识上有三次突破 ,即大农业、农业产业化和观光农业的提出。这三次突破使我国农业由单纯粮食生产横向拓展为农林牧副渔生产 ,纵向拓展为农业经济再生产的全过程 ,由单纯提供物质产品到既提供物质产品又提供精神产品 ,它大大促进了我国农业的发展 ,深刻地改变了农业的面貌 ,在推进由传统农业向现代农业的转变过程中起到了非常重要的作用     

法律进化论及其对民法典编纂的启示

传统法律进化论是在对建构论唯理主义进行批判的基础上发展起来的,大多贬抑理性的作用,从而走向了与法律建构论者相反的另一个极端,因而有必要确立“科学的法律进化论”。在民法典的编纂问题上,应以科学的法律进化论作为认识论的基础,并通过一般条款、判例法和习惯法这些工具,适当赋予法官一定的自由裁量权,以此克服法典所固有的局限性。     

240nm Si_(0.8)Ge_(0.2)虚衬底的应变Si沟道PMOSFET

针对应变SiPMOSFET的弛豫SiGe虚拟衬底厚度大的问题(>1μm),采用了低温Si技术试制出240nm厚虚衬底的应变Si沟道PMOSFET。器件显示出良好的直流特性,其跨导和空穴迁移率比传统Si器件分别提高了30%和50%。器件性能可与采用1μm以上SiGe虚衬底的PMOSFET器件相比拟。     

欧盟卫生领域合作与"开放性协作机制"

欧盟卫生领域的跨国合作往往范围有限,程度较低,主要分散在公共卫生和劳动保护等方面。随着欧洲经济一体化的深入,尤其是四大要素自由流动的加速,使卫生领域的跨国协调合作需求日益增大。但由于各国在卫生服务和医疗保险体系方面差异巨大,使得通过立法强制实施的传统硬性机制无法推行。欧盟适时引入软性的“开放性协作机制”,通过参照成员国中卫生领域某一方面的最佳实践,让成员国参与标准的制定,通过看齐效应的软约束,促进成员国在卫生领域具体方面的合作与趋同。该机制的实施不失为目前状况下的最佳和现实选择。但由于其存在较大弱点,因而不可能藉此完成欧盟卫生领域的一体化。     

康德哲学的历史背景 ——康德哲学三题之一

康德是西方近代哲学历史上的一个里程碑式的人物.他的哲学贡献是在近代历史的关键时刻对西方传统的理性主义和经验主义两大传统进行综合创新,最终建立起了对西方哲学产生深远影响的"批判哲学"体系.他的批判哲学体系既有其思辨方面的深刻性也充满了表述方面的晦涩,这也成为理解康德哲学的一种困局.本文试图从康德的身世、他的思想所形成的历史背景、对他产生重要影响的哲学家以及他的语言特征方面来介绍和分析康德哲学的背景情况,以期对于理解此困局有所助益.     

Squaring Farm Security and Food Security in Two Types of Alternative Food Institutions*

Abstract Even though both farmers' markets and community supported agriculture were first developed to provide markets for farmers, recently the goals of food security have been attached to these market‐based alternative food institutions, based on their potential to be 'win‐win” economic solutions for both small‐scale farmers and low‐income consumers. This article reports on survey and interview research conducted in California during 2004–2005 designed to examine to what extent CSAs and farmers' markets are addressing food security in both concept and practice. Findings show that managers of these institutions generally support the idea of improving the affordability of the food they provide, and most have made an effort to do so, although these efforts vary with institutional capacity. Still, some hedged their interest in supporting food security goals with countervailing concerns such as the need to support farmers first. It is ironic, then, that the way that private CSAs and farmers' markets achieve some elements of food security is by virtue of the support of public food assistance programs.     

找到自己的“最适客户”

每个营销者都梦想发现未经染指或需求未得到充分满足的大规模客户群体,并为其开发正中下怀的产品何乐而不为呢?该公司(姑且称之为“普罗公司”)拥有世界一流的市场研究人员,能够熟练使用人群统计、心理测验和统计分析方面的最新工具。每过两三年,他们就会搬出一项雄心勃勃的调查计划,用来确定具有吸引力的大型客户群体以及大量诱人的“市场空白点”,以便