Jeryl L. Mumpower  Liu Shi  James W. Stoutenborough  Arnold Vedlitz 《Risk analysis》2013,33(10):1802-1811

A 2009 national telephone survey of 924 U.S. adults assessed perceptions of terrorism and homeland security issues. Respondents rated severity of effects, level of understanding, number affected, and likelihood of four terrorist threats: poisoned water supply; explosion of a small nuclear device in a major U.S. city; an airplane attack similar to 9/11; and explosion of a bomb in a building, train, subway, or highway. Respondents rated perceived risk and willingness to pay (WTP) for dealing with each threat. Demographic, attitudinal, and party affiliation data were collected. Respondents rated bomb as highest in perceived risk but gave the highest WTP ratings to nuclear device. For both perceived risk and WTP, psychometric variables were far stronger predictors than were demographic ones. OLS regression analyses using both types of variables to predict perceived risk found only two significant demographic predictors for any threat—Democrat (a negative predictor for bomb) and white male (a significant positive predictor for airline attack). In contrast, among psychometric variables, severity, number affected, and likelihood were predictors of all four threats and level of understanding was a predictor for one. For WTP, education was a negative predictor for three threats; no other demographic variables were significant predictors for any threat. Among psychometric variables, perceived risk and number affected were positive predictors of WTP for all four threats; severity and likelihood were predictors for three; level of understanding was a significant predictor for two.  相似文献   

    

Kenneth S. Berenhaut  James W. Chernesky  Jr.  Ross P. Hilton 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(11):2330-2350

In this article, we introduce new asymptotic expansions for probability functions of sums of independent and identically distributed random variables. Results are obtained by efficiently employing information provided by lower-order convolutions. In comparison with Edgeworth-type theorems, advantages include improved asymptotic results in the case of symmetric random variables and ease of computation of main error terms and asymptotic crossing points. The first-order estimate can perform quite well against the corresponding renormalized saddlepoint approximation and, pointwise, requires evaluation of only a single convolution integral. While the new expansions are fairly straightforward, the implications are fortuitous and may spur further related work.  相似文献   

    

Simos G. Meintanis  James S. Allison  Leonard Santana 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(1):201-215

Abstract

Fourier methods are proposed for testing the distribution of random effects in classical and robust multivariate mixed effects models. The test statistics involve estimation of the characteristic function of random effects. Theoretical and computational issues are addressed while Monte Carlo results show that the new procedures compare favorably with other methods.  相似文献   

    

Jeffrey S. Racine  James G. Mackinnon 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(2):357-365

Conventional procedures for Monte Carlo and bootstrap tests require that B, the number of simulations, satisfy a specific relationship with the level of the test. Otherwise, a test that would instead be exact will either overreject or underreject for finite B. We present expressions for the rejection frequencies associated with existing procedures and propose a new procedure that yields exact Monte Carlo tests for any positive value of B. This procedure, which can also be used for bootstrap tests, is likely to be most useful when simulation is expensive.  相似文献   

    

Claire Stansfield  James Thomas  Josephine Kavanagh 《Research Synthesis Methods》2013,4(3):230-241

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James D. Santos  Nelson L. Souza Filho 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2013,42(9):2655-2659

ABSTRACT

Conditional tests are constructed by conditioning a fit measure to a minimal sufficient statistic. To calculate the p-value of these tests, Monte Carlo methods with co-sufficient samples can be used. In this paper we show how to simulate co-sufficient samples when the data distribution belongs to the exponential family with doubly transitive sufficient statistics. The proposed method is illustrated using the beta distribution.  相似文献   

    

E. James Harner 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2011,53(3):271-288

Three new entropy estimators of multivariate distributions are introduced. The two cases considered here concern when the distribution is supported by a unit sphere and by a unit cube. In the former case, the consistency and the upper bound of the absolute error for the proposed entropy estimator are established. In the latter one, under the assumption that only the moments of the underlying distribution are available, a non‐traditional estimator of the entropy is suggested. We also study the practical performances of the constructed estimators through simulation studies and compare the estimators based on the moment‐recovered approaches with their counterparts derived by using the histogram and k th nearest neighbour constructions. In addition, one worked example is briefly discussed.  相似文献   

    

Pyke S  Julious SA  Day S  O'Kelly M  Todd S  Matcham J  Seldrup J 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2011,10(1):74-79

Concerns about potentially misleading reporting of pharmaceutical industry research have surfaced many times. The potential for duality (and thereby conflict) of interest is only too clear when you consider the sums of money required for the discovery, development and commercialization of new medicines. As the ability of major, mid-size and small pharmaceutical companies to innovate has waned, as evidenced by the seemingly relentless decline in the numbers of new medicines approved by Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency year-on-year, not only has the cost per new approved medicine risen: so too has the public and media concern about the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry is open and honest about the efficacy, safety and quality of the drugs we manufacture and sell. In 2005 an Editorial in Journal of the American Medical Association made clear that, so great was their concern about misleading reporting of industry-sponsored studies, henceforth no article would be published that was not also guaranteed by independent statistical analysis. We examine the precursors to this Editorial, as well as its immediate and lasting effects for statisticians, for the manner in which statistical analysis is carried out, and for the industry more generally.  相似文献   

    

James Brown 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2011,53(1):23-24

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James Matcham  Steven Julious  Stephen Pyke  Michael O'Kelly  Susan Todd  Jorgen Seldrup  Simon Day 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2011,10(1):70-73

In this paper we set out what we consider to be a set of best practices for statisticians in the reporting of pharmaceutical industry‐sponsored clinical trials. We make eight recommendations covering: author responsibilities and recognition; publication timing; conflicts of interest; freedom to act; full author access to data; trial registration and independent review. These recommendations are made in the context of the prominent role played by statisticians in the design, conduct, analysis and reporting of pharmaceutical sponsored trials and the perception of the reporting of these trials in the wider community. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献