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11.
Donald C. Voaklander Karen D. Kelly C. Allyson Jones Maria E. Suarez-Almazor 《Social indicators research》2004,66(3):213-228
The purpose of this projectwas to compare three hospital-based measures ofco-morbidity to patient self-reportco-morbidity and to determine the relativeproportion of outcome predicted by each of theco-morbidity measures in a population ofindividuals receiving major joint arthroplasty. Baseline measures using the SF-36 generalhealth questionnaire and the Western OntarioMcMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) wereobtained from 518 persons undergoing total kneeor hip replacement. A second measure wasobtained six months post-surgery. Co-morbiditywas calculated by summing the self-reportedco-morbidity at baseline, using both thechart-based and administrative data version ofCharlson's Co-morbidity Index, and by summingthe number of International Classification ofDiseases – Version 9 (ICD-9) codes appearingin the electronic health record. Linearregression was used to determine how much ofthe variation in outcome was explained by eachof the co-morbidity measurement methods. Self-report co-morbidity explained as muchvariation in outcome as the hospital-basedindices. Self-report co-morbidity did notperform as well as the other methods inexplaining the variance in health systemutilization. It was concluded that self-reportco-morbidity is minimally as useful asrecord-based systems when measuring the impactof co-morbidity on health related quality oflife (HRQL). This is an important finding, asprivacy legislation, the time until data isavailable and cost are all barriers to usingrecord-based co-morbidity measures. 相似文献
12.
Summary A comparison has been made between the estimates obtained from maximum likelihood estimation of gamma, inverse normal, and
normal distribution models for stage-frequency data. Results have been compared for six of sets of test data, and from many
sets of simulated data. It is concluded that (1) some estimates may differ substantially between the models, (2) estimates
from the correct model have little bias, and estimated standard errors are generally close to theoretical values, (3) there
are problems in determining degrees of freedom for chi-squared goodness of fit tests, so that it is best to compare test statistics
with simulated distributions, and (4) goodness of fit tests may not discriminate well between the three models. 相似文献
13.
Julia E. Thompson B. Allyson Phillips Andy McCracken Kenneth Thomas Wendy L. Ward 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2013,30(1):37-47
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of social anxiety in obese children treated in a weight management clinic. We hypothesized that social anxiety would positively correlate with obesity, and that “extremely obese” patients would have significantly higher rates of social anxiety when compared to “obese” patients. Information was collected at a multidisciplinary treatment clinic for obese youth during the first clinic visit. The social anxiety scale was administered (including parent-report and self-report scales for both elementary and adolescent versions) and demographic data was obtained. Social anxiety was found to be significantly positively correlated with BMI percentile. In addition, “extremely obese” patients had significantly higher social anxiety scores than “obese” youth at least for elementary-age youth. Trends in gender differences and racial differences in this obese pediatric clinical sample were consistent with results found in community samples. Social anxiety and obesity were found to be positively correlated in this pediatric clinic-based population. For elementary-age patients, “extremely obese” patients were at greater risk than “obese patients” for social anxiety and its various symptoms—fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance/distress in new situations, and social avoidance/distress in general. Results for adolescents were less clear. Clinical implications of these results were discussed. Limitations of this study, and directions for future research were also discussed. 相似文献
14.
Using Community-Level Correlates to Evaluate Nonresponse Effects in a Telephone Survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johnson Timothy P.; Cho Young IK; Campbell Richard T.; Holbrook Allyson L. 《Public opinion quarterly》2006,70(5):704-719
Understanding the relationship between nonresponse processesand key research variables is central to evaluating if and hownonresponse introduces bias into survey estimates. In most telephonesurveys, however, little information is available with whichto estimate these effects. We report a procedure for examiningthe potential effects of nonresponse via analyses that (1) investigatethe linkages between community-level (zip code) variables andsurvey nonresponse and (2) examine the associations betweenthese community-level variables and key survey measures. Wedemonstrate these procedures using hierarchical modeling toanalyze data from a state-wide telephone survey in Illinois.One zip codelevel indicator of concentrated disadvantagethepercentage of the population below poverty levelwas foundto be positively associated with nonresponse and, among respondents,with both current physical disability status and lack of healthinsurance coverage, suggesting that both may have been underestimatedin this survey. This inexpensive approach has the potentialof enabling researchers to routinely evaluate nonresponse effectsin their survey data. 相似文献
15.
This paper reports results from a survey designed to: (1) evaluate changes in industrial pollution prevention practices since the passage of the landmark environmental legislation, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, also known as SARA Title III, and (2) identify those factors that may contribute to an industrial facility engaging in pollution prevention and risk communication activities. The survey was conducted under a Cooperative Agreement between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Columbia University Center for Risk Communication. Evidence from the survey indicates that a wide variety of waste and pollution reduction activities have been undertaken since passage of the Act. Virtually all facilities surveyed in the pulp and paper, chemical, and petroleum and refining industries reported that they had reduced pollutants or wastes on at least one often measures, including reducing toxic air emissions. Most facilities indicated paying more attention to pollution prevention activities as a result of SARA Title III and half reported that their communication activities have also increased. 相似文献
16.
Sylvia A. Edgerton Kirk R. Smith Richard A. Carpenter Toufiq A. Siddiqi Steven G. Olive Corazon Pe Benito Claudio Vincent T. Covello Donald J. Fingleton Kwi-Gon Kim Bruce A. Wilcox 《Risk analysis》1990,10(2):273-283
The rapid industrialization occurring in developing regions of the world brings not only economic benefits, but changes in the types and severity of health and environmental problems that each region experiences. As the industrialized world moves toward the use of risk assessment methodologies to aid in problem evaluation and regulatory and policy decision analysis, it seems inevitable that these methodologies will be applied globally. The changes brought about by rapid industrialization, however, must be viewed within the context of societies that are still struggling with the more traditional and basic environmental problems associated with urban and rural poverty. The urgency of development and the lack of adequate resources for characterizing health and environmental changes, often present under these circumstances, offer special challenges to the application of risk assessment methodologies. 相似文献
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18.
Risk Analysis, Philosophy, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences: Reflections on the Scope of Risk Analysis Research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reviews the contributions of philosophy and the social and behavioral sciences to risk analysis. It concludes that philosophical, social, and behavioral research can contribute to the resolution of complex risk issues in at least four areas: (i) comparative risk analysis; (ii) the use of risk-related scientific information in the decision-making process; (iii) risk perception; and (iv) institutional and organizational features of the risk-management system. 相似文献
19.
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of an initial screening and referral process in reducing the impact of musculosketetal injuries among soldiers attending Health Care Specialist training. Musculoskeletal injury among Army Health Care Specialist students have been reported to be approximately 24% for men and 24-30% for women. The highest student visit rate to the troop medical clinic for musculoskeletal injuries, for men and women, occurs during the first week of training. Anecdotal reports indicate that many students arrive for training with existing injuries or symptoms. This project was designed to assess whether formalized early screening, referral, and intervention could 1) identify arriving students who need musculoskeletal injury-related medical attention, 2) reduce the number of students receiving limited duty status during their 10-week training, 3) decrease the total number of limited duty days for students, and 4) decrease the number of students who cannot graduate due to musculoskeletal injury. Students (N=291) from one company were divided into three groups of 97 students. Three methods were used to screen and refer students for medical intervention: 1) traditional (T), 2) by health care providers (HCP), or 3) by Drill Sergeants (DS). Screening by HCP and DSs involved using a new screening tool to identify and consequently refer students with symptoms to a troop medical clinic (TMC) for early evaluation and intervention. Using the screening tool, HCPs identified 92% of students with injuries, while DSs accurately identified 80%. The screening did not reduce the number of students receiving limited duty status, total limited duty days, or the number of students that could not graduate due to musculoskeletal injury ("holdovers") (p>0.05). The screening tool demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity whether conducted by HCPs or DSs. It failed to demonstrate efficacy in reducing the impact of musculoskeletal injuries among Combat Medic soldiers, as measured by limited duty days and holdovers. 相似文献
20.
Peller AJ LaPlante DA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(4):519-534
There have been claims that new gambling technology is hazardous to player health, and that technological interventions can
alleviate gambling-related harm. In this paper, we systematically review the empirical research about the nexus between gambling
and technology to evaluate the veracity of these claims. We use a public health perspective (i.e., the Epidemiologic Triangle)
to organize and present study results (i.e., agent, host, and environment). This review intends to offer insight about emerging
technology and identify areas that indicate a need for additional research. Forty-seven studies met our inclusion and exclusion
criteria; a review of this body of work shows that attempts to develop and implement safety features for new gambling technology
are promising, but methodologically are rudimentary and limited in scope. Increased attention to the dynamic interaction among
host, agent, and environment factors hold potential to advance the field. In addition, improved study methods (e.g., longitudinal
analyses of actual betting behavior), and collaboration among policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers can increase understanding
of how new gambling technology affects the public health and stimulate new strategies for implementing effective public health
interventions.
相似文献
Allyson J. PellerEmail: |