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421.
Henry H. Willis Michael L. DeKay Baruch Fischhoff M. Granger Morgan 《Risk analysis》2005,25(2):405-428
Laypeople's perceptions of health and safety risks have been widely studied, but only a few studies have addressed perceptions of ecological hazards. We assembled a list of 39 attributes of ecological hazards from the literatures on comparative risk assessment, ecological health, environmental conservation and management, environmental psychology, and risk perception. In Study 1, 125 laypeople evaluated 83 hazards on subsets of this attribute set. Factor analysis of attribute ratings (averaged over participants) revealed six oblique factors: ecological impacts, human impacts, human benefits, aesthetic impacts, scientific understanding, and controllability. These factors predicted mean judgments of overall riskiness, ecological riskiness, acceptability, and regulatory strictness. In Study 2, 30 laypeople each evaluated 34 hazards on 17 attributes and 3 dependent variables. Aggregate-level factor analysis of these data replicated the appropriate portion of the factor solution and yielded similar regression results. Parallel analyses at the individual-participant level yielded factors that explained less variance in judgments of overall riskiness, ecological riskiness, and acceptability. However, the decrease in explanatory power was much less than is often reported for disaggregate-level analyses of psychometric data. This discrepancy illustrates the importance of distinguishing between the level of analysis (aggregate versus disaggregate) and the focus of analysis (distinctions among hazards versus distinctions among participants). In a hybrid analysis, aggregate-level factor scores predicted individual participants' riskiness judgments reasonably well. Psychometric studies such as these provide a sound empirical basis for selecting attributes of ecological hazards for use in comparative risk assessment. 相似文献
422.
P. Besbeas J.-D. Lebreton B. J. T. Morgan 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2003,52(1):95-102
Summary. A drawback of a new method for integrating abundance and mark–recapture–recovery data is the need to combine likelihoods describing the different data sets. Often these likelihoods will be formed by using specialist computer programs, which is an obstacle to the joint analysis. This difficulty is easily circumvented by the use of a multivariate normal approximation. We show that it is only necessary to make the approximation for the parameters of interest in the joint analysis. The approximation is evaluated on data sets for two bird species and is shown to be efficient and accurate. 相似文献
423.
Revisiting 'communities in Britain' 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
David H.J. Morgan 《The Sociological review》2005,53(4):641-657
In this article I re‐examine Frankenberg’s Communities in Britain (1966) and his use of a ‘morphological continuum’ within his analysis. This analysis is itself a re‐assessment of some influential community studies conducted within the British Isles. I look at some particular ideas within the more theoretical part of this book, especially the ideas of ‘social redundancy’ and the distinction between ‘complex’ and ‘complicated’. I then consider some themes arising from some more recent studies. These themes include identity, networks and social capital and time and I argue that Frankenberg's analysis can still provide the reader with useful tools to think through the ideas and practices of community. 相似文献
424.
S. P. Brooks E. A. Catchpole B. J. T. Morgan M. P. Harris 《Journal of applied statistics》2002,29(1):187-206
A major recent development in statistics has been the use of fast computational methods of Markov chain Monte Carlo. These procedures allow Bayesian methods to be used in quite complex modelling situations. In this paper, we shall use a range of real data examples involving lapwings, shags, teal, dippers, and herring gulls, to illustrate the power and range of Bayesian techniques. The topics include: prior sensitivity; the use of reversible-jump MCMC for constructing model probabilities and comparing models, with particular reference to models with random effects; model-averaging; and the construction of Bayesian measures of goodness-of-fit. Throughout, there will be discussion of the practical aspects of the work - for instance explaining when and when not to use the BUGS package. 相似文献
425.
426.
427.
What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? 2. Survey Studies of Educated Laypeople 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Daniel Read Ann Bostrom M. Granger Morgan Baruch Fischhoff Tom Smuts 《Risk analysis》1994,14(6):971-982
Drawing on results from earlier studies that used open-ended interviews, a questionnaire was developed to examine laypeople's knowledge about the possible causes and effects of global warming, as well as the likely efficacy of possible interventions. It was administered to two well-educated opportunity samples of laypeople. Subjects had a poor appreciation of the facts that (1) if significant global warming occurs, it will be primarily the result of an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, and (2) the single most important source of additional carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil fuels, most notably coal and oil. In addition, their understanding of the climate issue was encumbered with secondary, irrelevant, and incorrect beliefs. Of these, the two most critical are confusion with the problems of stratospheric ozone and difficulty in differentiating between causes and actions specific to climate and more general good environmental practice. 相似文献
428.
Leslie A. Morgan 《Journal of Housing for the Elderly》2013,27(3):185-203
Assisted living settings are charged with protecting privacy and choice of residents while guaranteeing safety and providing services. This article uses qualitative data from seven distinct assisted living settings to illuminate the challenge of balancing these expectations to maximize quality of life for residents. The simple object of door locks serves as the focal point for narrative from residents, family, staff, and administrators regarding the daily dilemmas of balancing these goals. Results show that there is a lack of consensus on the relative importance of locks and security within and across groups and settings. As residents age in place, sustaining the balance is likely to become even more challenging. 相似文献
429.
In this article, we explore how short‐term theoretically informed ethnography is emerging as an approach to doing research that is contemporary in both its subject matter and in its use for applied research projects designed to lead to informed interventions in the world. We argue that far from being a ‘quick and dirty’ route to doing qualitative research, short‐term ethnography is characterized by forms of intensity that lead to deep and valid ways of knowing. 相似文献
430.
Morgan Jouvenet 《Sociologie du Travail》2011,53(2):234
In France, political authorities’ favorite tool for funding public research is now “project-based financing.” The reasons for this are well-known, but few studies have delved into its impact inside laboratories, on relations at the workplace and the meaning thus given to scientists’ commitment to research. A survey conducted in laboratories of physics in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology shows how its members coped with these new institutional arrangements. Several aspects of the changes introduced in scientists’ practices and in the benchmarks of professional recognition are articulated. Light is thus shed on the concrete and symbolic effects of public authorities’ actions on the formation of scientific professions. 相似文献