Illustration Of Three-Dimensional Surfaces

With the ready availability of computer graphics packages, it is now straightforward to produce isometric projections of three-dimensional surfaces. The usefulness of such projections is shown by means of a number of examples. Illustrating likelihood surfaces and bivariate density functions.     

Cell Proliferation and Formaldehyde-Induced Respiratory Carcinogenesis

Formaldehyde is a nasal carcinogen in the rat but the cancer risk this chemical poses for humans remains to be determined. Formaldehyde induces nonlinear, concentration-dependent increases in nasal epithelial cell proliferation and DNA-protein cross-link formation following short-term exposure. Presented in this review are results from a mechanistically based formaldehyde inhalation study in which an important endpoint was the measurement of cell proliferation indices in target sites for nasal tumor induction. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0, 0.7, 2, 6, 10, or 15 ppm formaldehyde for up to 2 years (6 hr/day, 5 day/week). Statistically significant increases in cell proliferation were confined to the 10 and 15 ppm groups, which remained elevated throughout the study. The concentration-dependent increases in cell proliferation correlated strongly with the tumor response curve, supporting the proposal that sustained increases in cell proliferation are an important component of formaldehyde carcinogenesis. The nonlinearity observed in formaldehyde-induced rodent nasal cancer is consistent with a high-concentration effect of regenerative cell proliferation of the target organ coupled with the genotoxic effects of formaldehyde. Cell kinetic data from these studies provide important information that may be utilized in the assessment of risk for humans exposed to formaldehyde.     

An interview with W. H. Hutt

W. H. Hutt is 85 years old and is one of the most important economists of this century. That this is too little appreciated is largely because his academic career did not take place in his native England. Instead, in 1928, after a short career in publishing, the graduate of the London School of Economics set sail for South Africa and the University of Cape Town. During his 37 years there, Professor Hutt produced an impressive body of work, some of which have become classics among his devotees, includingThe Theory of Collective Bargaining (1930),Economists and the Public (1936),The Theory of Idle Resources (1939),Plan for Reconstruction (1943),Keynesianism — Retrospect & Prospect (1963), andThe Economics of the Colour Bar (1964). Hutt came to the United States in December 1965 to serve as a visiting professor at the University of Virginia, and has served in a similar capacity at many American universities. While in the United States Hutt has produced such works asThe Strike-Threat System (1973),A Rehabilitation of Say’s Law (1975), andThe Keynesian Episode (1979). Professor Hutt currently is Emeritus Visiting Professor of Economics at the University of Dallas and he continues to work on an autobiography and a new book, tentatively titledLabor’s Disadvantage.     

Unpacking the terms of engagement with local food at the Farmers’ Market: Insights from Ontario

Amidst much discussion of the values and venues of local food, the Farmers’ Market (FM) has emerged as an important, but somewhat uncertain, site of engagement for producers, consumers and local food ‘champions’. Despite the evident certainty of various operational rules, the FM should be seen as a complex and ambiguous space where (contingent) notions of local, quality, authenticity and legitimacy find expression in communications and transactions around food. This paper seeks to extend current reflections on the nature of the contemporary FM and its relationship to the tenets of local food. An empirical analysis involving sellers, shoppers and managers at 15 markets in the Province of Ontario, Canada sought to understand how participants ‘read’ the market as an operating space and subsequently construct the terms of (their) engagement. Findings suggest that Ontario FM customers wish to support farmers and farming via their food-related spending and express attachments to a wide range of alleged benefits pertaining to local food. Yet these values are also malleable in their meaning and amenable to trade-off against other considerations—particularly where social capital is concerned. The notion of ‘local’ emerges as being widely valued but also highly interpretive in its meaning and variable in its absolute importance. The paper concludes with some reflection on the degree to which the findings support, challenge or modify current normative beliefs about local food at the FM.     

Building Citizenship: How Student Voice in Service-Learning Develops Civic Values

Objective . Though many decry the decline in political participation and interest, few academic studies present a clear approach to help reverse these trends. This paper examines the impact of service-learning programs on students' self-concept, political engagement, and attitudes toward out-groups. Methods . The data come from a pre and post survey given to more than 200 high school students in 10 different schools. We use Huber regression to assess the impact of student voice in the service-learning project on six dependent variables. Results . We show that if students are involved in service-learning projects in which they have a high degree of voice and ownership, their self-concept and political engagement will improve, and they become more tolerant toward out-groups. Conclusion . In short, having a voice in service-learning programs builds citizenship.