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331.
A comparative analysis of public sector restructuring in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean
We examine public sector restructuring in North America and selected Commonwealth Caribbean nations. Although all the countries
studied experienced significant restruc-turing in response to public debt pressures, there were major differences across coun-tries
in the magnitude, pace, form, and the manner in which restructuring decisions were made. These differences reflect the state
of economic development and institu-tional characteristics, e.g., the role of the state and the industrial relations system.
In developing countries, international lending institutions played a major role in trans-forming the role of the state. In
developed countries, the inherent stability of the eco-nomic systems and institutional pressures led to a gradualist approach
to restructuring. 相似文献
332.
George N. Lyrakos Dimitrios Damigos Venetsanos Mavreas Kostopanagiotou Georgia Ioannis D. Κ. Dimoliatis 《Social indicators research》2010,95(1):129-142
The life orientation test-revised (LOT-R) (Scheier et al. in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67:1063–1078, 1994) is a brief measure for assessing dispositional optimism. The aim of this study was to develop a Greek language version of
the LOT-R and to assess the instrument’s psychometric properties. The LOT-R was translated and culturally adopted in Greek
language, and the final version was administered, along with a questionnaire consisting socioeconomic characteristics and
a single item measuring optimism, to 276 Greek speaking, hospital nurses (222 female, 54 male), aged 22–65 years (mean 37.8,
SD 8.3). Results showed that the LOT-R has good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .71 and item total correlation coefficients from .27 to .73, a unitary structure, and stability over a 3-months period
(r = .66). Moreover, the Greek version of the scale exhibited good convergent validity with single-item optimism scale (r = .73). Principal components analysis revealed a two-factor structure representing the constructs of optimism and pessimism.
The Greek life orientation test revised appears to be a valid tool in assessing dispositional optimism in Greek speaking people
and is expected to facilitate the examination of optimism in Greek speaking populations. 相似文献
333.
334.
Although medical research involving the use of persons with mental illness is critically important, in order for the research to be ethical and legal there are certain considerations and restrictions which should be immediately readdressed in order to insure that the welfare of these vulnerable research subjects is protected, and their best interests are assured. A brief historical examination of medical research codes, guidelines, recommendations and Federal Regulations reveals the various considerations and restrictions on informed consent and accountability applicable to the use of persons with mental illness in medical research. Several concerns are raised about how these considerations and restrictions have been interpreted, and specific recommendations are offered to improve them immediately by means of representation from consumers and/or their families, and organizations, e.g., NAMI members. 相似文献
335.
Semifoldover designs, obtained by semifolding a regular two-level factorial design, have been discussed recently in the literature. In this article, with the use of indicator functions, we investigate various semifoldover designs that are obtained from a general two-level factorial design. We discuss when a main factor or a two-factor interaction can be de-aliased from their aliased two-factor interactions, and extend some of the existing results from regular designs to non-regular designs. Finally, we present some examples to illustrate the results developed here. 相似文献
336.
Occupational stress in universities: staff perceptions of the causes, consequences and moderators of stress 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In recent years, the Australian university sector has undergone large-scale organizational change, including restructuring, downsizing and government funding cuts. At the same time, research from across the globe reports an alarming increase in the occupational stress experienced by university staff. We report on the first phase of a longitudinal investigation of occupational stress. A total of 22 focus groups were conducted with a representative sample of 178 academic and general staff from 15 Australian universities. The groups focused on understanding staff 's experience of occupational stress, and perceptions of the sources, consequences and moderators of stress. Both general and academic staff reported a dramatic increase in stress during the previous 5 years. As a group, academic staff reported higher levels of stress than general staff. Five major sources of stress were identified including: insufficient funding and resources; work overload; poor management practice; job insecurity; and insufficient recognition and reward. The majority of groups reported that job-related stress was having a deleterious impact on their professional work and personal welfare. Aspects of the work environment (support from co-workers and management, recognition and achievement, high morale, flexible working conditions), and personal coping strategies (stress management techniques, work/ non-work balance, tight role boundaries and lowering standards), were reported to help staff cope with stress. The findings provide a timely insight into the experience of stress within universities. 相似文献
337.
338.
N. T. Longford 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》1999,162(3):291-302
Missing data and, more generally, imperfections in implementing a study design are an endemic problem in large scale studies involving human subjects. We present an analysis of an experiment in the interaction between general practitioners and their patients, in which the issue of missing data is addressed by a sensitivity analysis using multiple imputation. Instead of specifying a model for missingness we explore certain extreme ways of departing from the assumption of data missing at random and establish the largest extent of such departures which would still fail to supplant the evidence about the studied effect. An important advantage of the approach is that the algorithm intended for the complete data, to fit generalized linear models with random effects, is used without any alteration. 相似文献
339.
340.
Abstract This study examined the relationship between demographic and organizational variables and college student health promotion efforts. Two hundred and forty-one college administrators from 14 southern states were surveyed to determine factors that may affect college student health promotion programming. Enrollment, tuition, affiliation, and highest degree offered were the demographic variables that were examined. The organizational variables were goals, control, motivation, interaction, and decision making. The methods of gathering information regarding student health problems, the kinds of health promotion programs offered, the methods of publicizing the programs, and the extent of student participation in health promotion programs were the dependent variables. The statistical tests for the effects of the demographic and organizational variables on student health promotion efforts indicate that a relationship does exist. Combined multiple regression analysis equations that include all of the organizational variables demonstrated graphically the effects of interaction among the independent organizational variables and the dependent variables. These combined equations were better predictors of student health promotion programs and services than any of the organizational variables taken separately. Future studies of the factors that affect student participation in health promotion programs, the extent of student participation, and the effects of a student participation should be conducted. 相似文献