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Andreas?EjupiEmail author Yves?J.?Gschwind Matthew?Brodie Wolfgang?L.?Zagler Stephen?R.?Lord Kim?Delbaere 《European review of aging and physical activity》2016,13(1):2
Background
Quick protective reactions such as reaching or stepping are important to avoid a fall or minimize injuries. We developed Kinect-based choice reaching and stepping reaction time tests (Kinect-based CRTs) and evaluated their ability to differentiate between older fallers and non-fallers and the feasibility of administering them at home.Methods
A total of 94 community-dwelling older people were assessed on the Kinect-based CRTs in the laboratory and were followed-up for falls for 6 months. Additionally, a subgroup (n?=?20) conducted the Kinect-based CRTs at home. Signal processing algorithms were developed to extract features for reaction, movement and the total time from the Kinect skeleton data.Results
Nineteen participants (20.2 %) reported a fall in the 6 months following the assessment. The reaction time (fallers: 797?±?136 ms, non-fallers: 714?±?89 ms), movement time (fallers: 392?±?50 ms, non-fallers: 358?±?51 ms) and total time (fallers: 1189?±?170 ms, non-fallers: 1072?±?109 ms) of the reaching reaction time test differentiated well between the fallers and non-fallers. The stepping reaction time test did not significantly discriminate between the two groups in the prospective study. The correlations between the laboratory and in-home assessments were 0.689 for the reaching reaction time and 0.860 for stepping reaction time.Conclusion
The study findings indicate that the Kinect-based CRT tests are feasible to administer in clinical and in-home settings, and thus represents an important step towards the development of sensor-based fall risk self-assessments. With further validation, the assessments may prove useful as a fall risk screen and home-based assessment measures for monitoring changes over time and effects of fall prevention interventions.173.
Building on assumptions derived from evolutionary theory, we investigated viewers’ reactions to the design of car fronts (i.e., an automobile’s face), which were designed to be threatening using basic principles of anthropomorphism. Previous research suggests two opposite human reactions when presented with threatening stimuli: Initially, threatening objects attract human attention (e.g., when exploring a scene for the first time), but afterwards, people tend to avoid such threatening stimuli (as they are likely to induce discomfort in the viewer). This proposition is tested within a product design context using eye tracking methodology. Results showed that automotive stimuli not only activate affective dimensions of customers, but also lead to specific automatic reactions that can be explained by evolutionary theory. Practical implications for product design and marketing are discussed. 相似文献
174.
Andreas Diekmann 《Journal of applied statistics》2007,34(3):321-329
Digits in statistical data produced by natural or social processes are often distributed in a manner described by ‘Benford's law’. Recently, a test against this distribution was used to identify fraudulent accounting data. This test is based on the supposition that first, second, third, and other digits in real data follow the Benford distribution while the digits in fabricated data do not. Is it possible to apply Benford tests to detect fabricated or falsified scientific data as well as fraudulent financial data? We approached this question in two ways. First, we examined the use of the Benford distribution as a standard by checking the frequencies of the nine possible first and ten possible second digits in published statistical estimates. Second, we conducted experiments in which subjects were asked to fabricate statistical estimates (regression coefficients). The digits in these experimental data were scrutinized for possible deviations from the Benford distribution. There were two main findings. First, both digits of the published regression coefficients were approximately Benford distributed or at least followed a pattern of monotonic decline. Second, the experimental results yielded new insights into the strengths and weaknesses of Benford tests. Surprisingly, first digits of faked data also exhibited a pattern of monotonic decline, while second, third, and fourth digits were distributed less in accordance with Benford's law. At least in the case of regression coefficients, there were indications that checks for digit-preference anomalies should focus less on the first (i.e. leftmost) and more on later digits. 相似文献
175.
RJB Review of Journals and Books
Rahimi, A.: The Evolution of EU Asylum Policy 相似文献176.
177.
In this work we present a study on the analysis of a large data set from seismology. A set of different large margin classifiers based on the well-known support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is used to classify the data into two classes based on their magnitude on the Richter scale. Due to the imbalance of nature between the two classes reweighing techniques are used to show the importance of reweighing algorithms. Moreover, we present an incremental algorithm to explore the possibility of predicting the strength of an earthquake with incremental techniques. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Professor Andreas Diekmann 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2008,60(3):528-550
Almost unnoticed by sociologists, experimental economics has expanded its research to many classical sociological topics such as the evolution and stability of social norms, social sanctions and social order, reciprocity, and pro-social behaviour. This article reports the main empirical findings and theories, their strengths and weaknesses, and explores how experimental economics has furthered social theory. It concludes with the suggestion that sociology should bring experimental methods back into the field and that economics should acknowledge that the research program is an interdisciplinary task analyzing the basic aspects of human behaviour. 相似文献