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161.
Terry McNulty Andrew Pettigrew Greg Jobome Clare Morris 《Journal of Management and Governance》2011,15(1):91-121
This paper develops an analytical framework to depict the heterogeneity that characterises the role of board chair and demonstrate
the potential variability in how chairs operate boards and exercise power and influence on strategy, control and resource
related tasks at board level. Theories of power and influence, as applied to top management teams and boards of directors,
are explicated within the context of contemporary governance practices that are establishing the role of the board chair as
distinct to that of the chief executive officer. Specifically, the paper maps sources of power and varying contemporary chair
practices, including chair nomenclature (i.e. executive vs. non-executive chairs), chair origin (insider vs. outsider) and
chair time (full-time vs. part-time). A number of theoretical chair-power models emerge from this analysis and are subject
to empirical analysis using data collected from 160 chairs of 500 FTSE-listed companies. Theoretically and empirically, the
paper complements structural approaches to studying boards with attention to behaviour on boards. By linking board structure,
board process and the exercise of influence, the study reveals both differences amongst chairs in how they run the board,
but also that chairs’ differ in the influence they exert on board-related tasks. Full-time executive chairs exert their greatest
influence in strategy and resource dependence tasks whereas part-time, non-executive chairs seem to exert more influence over
monitoring and control tasks. 相似文献
162.
Andrew J. Schneller Patricia A. Baum 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2011,22(2):259-282
This research explores the contributions of the sea turtle conservation movement in Baja California Sur (B.C.S.), Mexico,
to the growth of associational life in the state. Mexico has historically been known as a country with a traditionally weak
associational life. Yet, the activities of sea turtle NGOs and community groups presented a unique case study to better understand
the social, political, and strategic factors that have contributed to voluntary civic engagement and the environmental successes
of the movement. Through 799 interviews and surveys with public stakeholders, this research utilized Sabet’s (Democratization
2:410–432, 2008) focus on political opportunity, efforts to reform informal rules, and supportive social networks, as an explanatory framework
to help describe the emergence of associational life. We found that the sea turtle conservation movement in B.C.S. has become
accessible to a diversity of interests and individuals. We found unexpected results in the extent of federal environmental
agency complaisance in regard to the involvement of NGOs in conservation programs and environmental policy decisions that
have traditionally been the sole domain of the Government of Mexico. 相似文献
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Various substantive literatures in sociology seek small regularities in sequences: turning points in the life course, catalytic moments in organizational change, sharp turns in occupational trajectories, and the like. Commonly these are turning points, but they may also be simple local patterns. This paper reports a method for discovering such regularities even when they are quite faint, applying that method to rhetorical regularities in sociological articles. The paper begins by analyzing the overall sequence structure of such articles and then gives a basic introduction to Gibbs sampling, one member of the broader class of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. It then reports an algorithm employing Gibbs sampling to find local sequence regularities and applies that algorithm to demonstrate the subsequence regularities present in sociological articles. Substantively, the paper shows that the rhetorical structure of sociological articles changed from one pattern to another in the period 1895–1965 and that certain faint but standard rhetorical subsequences became characteristic of articles in the later period. Methodologically, it introduces a broad class of methods that provide effective approaches to a number of previously intractable statistical questions. 相似文献
169.
John Haslett Andrew Parnell 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2008,57(4):399-418
Summary. We propose a new and simple continuous Markov monotone stochastic process and use it to make inference on a partially observed monotone stochastic process. The process is piecewise linear, based on additive independent gamma increments arriving in a Poisson fashion. An independent increments variation allows very simple conditional simulation of sample paths given known values of the process. We take advantage of a reparameterization involving the Tweedie distribution to provide efficient computation. The motivating problem is the establishment of a chronology for samples taken from lake sediment cores, i.e. the attribution of a set of dates to samples of the core given their depths, knowing that the age–depth relationship is monotone. The chronological information arises from radiocarbon (14 C) dating at a subset of depths. We use the process to model the stochastically varying rate of sedimentation. 相似文献
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