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31.
Ole Klungsøyr Joe Sexton Inger Sandanger Jan F. Nygård 《Journal of applied statistics》2013,40(4):843-861
A substantial degree of uncertainty exists surrounding the reconstruction of events based on memory recall. This form of measurement error affects the performance of structured interviews such as the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), an important tool to assess mental health in the community. Measurement error probably explains the discrepancy in estimates between longitudinal studies with repeated assessments (the gold-standard), yielding approximately constant rates of depression, versus cross-sectional studies which often find increasing rates closer in time to the interview. Repeated assessments of current status (or recent history) are more reliable than reconstruction of a person's psychiatric history based on a single interview. In this paper, we demonstrate a method of estimating a time-varying measurement error distribution in the age of onset of an initial depressive episode, as diagnosed by the CIDI, based on an assumption regarding age-specific incidence rates. High-dimensional non-parametric estimation is achieved by the EM-algorithm with smoothing. The method is applied to data from a Norwegian mental health survey in 2000. The measurement error distribution changes dramatically from 1980 to 2000, with increasing variance and greater bias further away in time from the interview. Some influence of the measurement error on already published results is found. 相似文献
32.
Audhild Hønsi Rune Aune Mentzoni Helge Molde Ståle Pallesen 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(3):359-375
Attentional bias has been the subject of extensive empirical investigation in connection with chemical addictions, and it has been demonstrated in users of several different substances. The findings show that substance users seem to notice and attend to substance-related stimuli more readily than non-substance-related stimuli. Less is known, however, about attentional bias in pathological gambling. This systematic review investigates the existing empirical evidence on attentional bias in problem and pathological gamblers. Eleven studies were identified and evaluated following a literature search. Key findings are that problem and pathological gamblers seem to exhibit attentional bias toward gambling-related stimuli across different measuring paradigms, although some negative findings were reported. Recommendations aimed at improving research on this topic include better validation of measures, the inclusion of manipulations of craving level, and adding variations in gambling severity as a variable, as well as gambling preference. Research on therapeutic procedures aimed at reducing attentional bias is also recommended. 相似文献
33.
Gendering processes often take the form of organizational subtexts, that is, seemingly gender‐neutral practices that have gender implications. The purpose of this article is to study performance evaluations, which, based on management by objectives systems, may appear neutral, but tend to be based on male norms of what is regarded as good performance. We analysed the careers and performance evaluations of 391 newly licenced Swedish auditors, using an open‐ended question survey. In this industry 50 per cent of new employees and 92 per cent of partners are men. Even in the early stages of their careers, there are notable differences between women and men. The women achieved less and show lower career ambitions and expectations as well as greater intentions to leave the auditing industry. Performance evaluations are also perceived differently, men focusing on what is evaluated (reflecting the perceptions of those at higher hierarchical levels) and women focusing on who does the evaluating and how. 相似文献
34.
Martin Körner 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2007,77(11):1111-1134
Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag erkl?rt einerseits die Notwendigkeit eines durch Gesetz geregelten Verfahrens zur Insolvenzabwicklung mittels
betriebswirtschaftlicher Grundlagentheorien. Andererseits werden dieselben Grundlagentheorien genutzt, um die unterschiedlichen
sich ver?ndernden Machtstrukturen, die oft gegens?tzlichen Interessen von Stakeholdern, die Kosten des Insolvenzprozesses
sowie deren Dynamik im Rahmen des vierphasigen Insolvenzprozesses (vor Insolvenzanmeldung, nach Antragstellung, nach Er?ffnung,
nach Abschluss des Verfahrens) eines Not leidenden Unternehmens besser veranschaulichen zu k?nnen. Der besondere Schwerpunkt
wird hierbei auf das Verfahren in Eigenverwaltung, das hei?t mit eigenem Management, gelegt.
The bankruptcy process and the self-administration in the bankruptcy proceedings
Summary This article explains on one hand the necessity of a legally fixed process for the bankruptcy proceedings with basic economic theories. On the other hand, the same theories are used to demonstrate the changing power structures, the often different interests of stakeholders, the costs of the bankruptcy proceedings as well as its dynamics during the four bankruptcy phases (before the filing, after the filing, after opening and after closing) of the bankruptcy process. The focus of this article lies hereby on bankruptcy proceedings in self-administration which means that the management stays on duty.
Dr. Martin K?rner ist promovierter Diplom- und Bankkaufmann und leitet die Abteilung Strategic Advisory bei einem führenden europ?ischen IT- und Telekommunikationsunternehmen. Seine Forschungsgebiete umfassen strategische Fragestellungen, Kapitalmarktthemen, das Outsorcing sowie das Krisen- und Insolvenzmanagement. 相似文献
35.
Empirical Bayes estimator for the transition probability matrix is worked out in the cases where we have belief regarding the parameters, For example, where the states seem to be equal or not. In both cases, priors are in accordance with our beliefs. Using EM algorithm, computational methods for different hyperparameters of the empirical Bayes are described. Also, robustness of empirical Bayes procedure is investigated. 相似文献
36.
Merethe Schanke Aasland Anders Skogstad Guy Notelaers Morten Birkeland Nielsen Ståle Einarsen 《英国管理杂志》2010,21(2):438-452
This study investigates the prevalence of the four types of destructive leadership behaviour in the destructive and constructive leadership behaviour model, in a representative sample of the Norwegian workforce. The study employs two estimation methods: the operational classification method (OCM) and latent class cluster (LCC) analysis. The total prevalence of destructive leadership behaviour varied from 33.5% (OCM) to 61% (LCC), indicating that destructive leadership is not an anomaly. Destructive leadership comes in many shapes and forms, with passive forms prevailing over more active ones. The results showed that laissez‐faire leadership behaviour was the most prevalent destructive leadership behaviour, followed by supportive–disloyal leadership and derailed leadership, while tyrannical leadership behaviour was the least prevalent destructive leadership behaviour. Furthermore, many leaders display constructive as well as destructive behaviours, indicating that leadership is not either constructive or destructive. The study contributes to a broader theoretical perspective on what must be seen as typical behaviour among leaders. 相似文献
37.
The relative earnings growth for immigrants in Norway is computed. Unlike Hayfron (1998, this journal) we define immigrants
by country of origin rather than citizenship and perform separate studies of immigrants from inside and outside the OECD region.
Replicating Hayfron op.cit. we find that the earnings assimilation is considerably weaker. Further, we find that the earnings
of OECD immigrants are comparable to those of natives, while Non-OECD immigrants earn considerably less than natives at the
time of entry, but that their relative earnings improve gradually over time. Earnings of different immigrant cohorts converged
from 1980 to 1990, indicating a non-linear rate of assimilation.
Received: 7 April 2000/Accepted: 4 January 2001 相似文献
38.
Petri Laukka Clas Linnman Fredrik Åhs Anna Pissiota Örjan Frans Vanda Faria Åsa Michelgård Lieuwe Appel Mats Fredrikson Tomas Furmark 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2008,32(4):195-214
This study investigated the effects of anxiety on nonverbal aspects of speech using data collected in the framework of a large
study of social phobia treatment. The speech of social phobics (N = 71) was recorded during an anxiogenic public speaking task both before and after treatment. The speech samples were analyzed
with respect to various acoustic parameters related to pitch, loudness, voice quality, and temporal aspects of speech. The
samples were further content-masked by low-pass filtering (which obscures the linguistic content of the speech but preserves
nonverbal affective cues) and subjected to listening tests. Results showed that a decrease in experienced state anxiety after
treatment was accompanied by corresponding decreases in (a) several acoustic parameters (i.e., mean and maximum voice pitch,
high-frequency components in the energy spectrum, and proportion of silent pauses), and (b) listeners’ perceived level of
nervousness. Both speakers’ self-ratings of state anxiety and listeners’ ratings of perceived nervousness were further correlated
with similar acoustic parameters. The results complement earlier studies on vocal affect expression which have been conducted
on posed, rather than authentic, emotional speech. 相似文献
39.
Since computers lie behind almost all aspects of new technology, industry now has the chance to develop true integrated Manufacturing Information Systems. This paper examines the developments in this direction which new technology makes available, and why companies should embrace them. Case studies are presented in which the progress achieved and problems encountered by three companies in realising their manufacturing information system are discussed. General conclusions are drawn from them and recommendations for successful implementation are put forward. 相似文献
40.
Mia Mahmudur RAHIM Sk Samidul ISLAM 《International labour review / International Labour Office》2020,159(3):423-446
The right to freedom of association is fundamental for the establishment of labour unionism as an institution. While the Government of Bangladesh requires enabling legal provisions for unionization in its garment industry, regulation to ensure the right to freedom of association has proved ineffective in upholding labour unionism. This article highlights the need for legislation capable of drawing on the complementary skills and resources of the Government, factory owners, labour unions and global brands to secure a sustained commitment and contribution towards the socio-economic and political dimensions of labour relations in Bangladesh's ready-made garment industry. 相似文献