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971.
Ann Firth 《Journal of historical sociology》2003,16(1):54-79
Abstract In The Pristine Culture of Capitalism , Ellen Wood argues that the English urban landscape is characterised by lack of elegance, absence of charm and neglect of public services. She traces the origins of this impoverishment to the eradication of pre-industrial capitalist urban culture in the eighteenth century. The paper investigates the claim that English urban culture underwent a significant transformation in the later eighteenth and early nineteenth century. A concern with the public magnificence of London as a means of representing the wealth and power of England is characteristic of eighteenth century treatise on urban improvement. The most influential of which, John Gwynn's London and Westminster Improved , published in 1766, draws upon the spatial linkage of economy, government and power typical of mercantilist thought. The paper argues that as the principles and practices of mercantilism were displaced by the spread of industrial capitalism and the liberal state, a concern with grandeur, elegance and embellishment in urban form was subordinated to the provision of the physical and social infrastructure necessary for the reproduction of labour. 相似文献
972.
Abstract Christenson and Garkovich (1985) reported on trends in the first 50 years of Rural Sociology; this note employs a similar analytic framework for the 292 articles and research commentaries published from 1986 to 1995. While particular topics ebb and flow in terms of their importance, there continues to be a consistent focus on the substantive issues of traditional concern. Predictions in 1985 as to what the next retrospective would show proved to be fairly accurate. Applied empirical and quantitative studies continue to dominate the pages of the journal, but other types (e.g., qualitative and historical studies) now appear with greater frequency. The theoretical foundation of rural sociology has been enriched with conceptual frameworks from general sociology and other social sciences. New twists on the traditional concerns of agricultural constituencies and rural community leaders have broadened the range of topics addressed, reflecting the major social structures, processes, and issues currently affecting rural peoples and communities. The article concludes with an interpretation of recent trends and speculations on future directions. 相似文献
973.
Resurgent interest in poverty in the U.S. by both researchers and policymakers offers an opportunity to bring increased attention
to the plight of the rural poor. Rural poverty is widespread and severe, and fundamental changes in the structure of the national
economy portend continued distress in remote areas. High labor force participation by the rural poor has important theoretical
and policy implications for understanding the causes, consequences and intervention strategies for combating poverty. Research
on the characteristics and circumstances of different groups of the poor in rural areas could make a significant contribution
toward dispelling some of the myths about “deserving and undeserving” categories of poor people that continue to impede design
and implementation of appropriate policy. We review what is currently known about rural poverty, what needs to be learned,
and how such research applies to current policy debates.
has conducted applied research on the working poor and economic development in Appalachia.
specializes in rural labor markets, gender and stratification, and political sociology. She is on the advisory board of the
Aspen Institute’s Rural Economic Policy Program.
The authors contributed equally to this paper. Helpful comments were offered by anonymous reviewers. An earlier version was
presented at the 1987 Rural Sociological society Meetings, Madison, Wisconsin. 相似文献
974.
Valerie Ann Malhotra 《Qualitative sociology》1981,4(2):102-125
The accomplishment of musical performance in a symphony orchestra is analyzed phenomenologically based on participant observation. Musicians rely on the we-relationship, gestural communication, common stock-of-knowledge, melody, and the conductor's hermeneutics to coordinate diverse perceptions and time structures. The self of the musician appears in codings of mistakes and in the orchestral hierarchy. Thelebensvelt of the rehearsal is directed towards its abandonment to the world-of-music.The author appreciates the suggestions of D.L. Wieder, Richard Owsley, Leo D. Papa and two anonymous reviewers forQualitative Sociology. 相似文献
975.
This study was carried out to identify potential sources of stress for bus drivers working for the established operator in a major UK city, six months after the deregulation of bus transport. The focus was to assess the mental health and job satisfaction of the drivers. An interview programme was followed by a questionnaire survey of 376 male bus drivers. Major problem areas related to health and home-related concerns, problems intrinsic to the job, lack of involvement and support during the organizational changes occurring and fears regarding physical assault. Existing problems had been intensified as a result of streamlining and increased competition. The bus drivers were found to demonstrate lower levels of job satisfaction and unfavourable scores on mental-health indices when compared to normative samples, which was associated with their work-related stressors. The impact was significantly reduced for those men driving the newer minibuses in contrast to the traditional 72-seater double-decker buses. 相似文献
976.
Ann Marie Sorenson 《The Sociological quarterly》1988,29(1):111-130
In this article cultural and socioeconomic explanations of the effects of language characteristics on the fertility of Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white couples are considered. The impact of husbands' as well of wives' characteristics are estimated on the fertility of a sample drawn from 1980 U.S. census data, using a dynamic model for fertility. The pattern of effects presented is consistent with a cultural explanation that includes the relevence of pronatalist values to the higher fertility of Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans. The greater detail provided by this method also results in the identification of a subset of English-speaking Mexican-American couples who appear to be using a very low fertility strategy and a subset of non-Hispanic whites whose higher fertility is also tied to language characteristics. 相似文献
977.
978.
Battered women experience different constellations of violence and abusive behavior characterized by various combinations of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological abuse, and stalking. The goals of the current study were to determine whether it was possible to identify empirically derived and meaningful patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) and to examine correlates and outcomes of the IPV patterns. Three IPV patterns were identified using cluster analysis. Pattern 1 was characterized by moderate levels of physical violence, psychological abuse, and stalking but little sexual violence. Pattern 2 was characterized by high levels of physical violence, psychological abuse, and stalking but low levels of sexual violence. Pattern 3 was characterized by high levels of all violence types. IPV Pattern 3 was associated with the highest prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, and IPV Pattern 2 had the highest levels of revictimization during the year following recruitment. The clinical and policy implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
979.
1. Forensic nursing evaluations of perpetrators require (at minimum) information on the crime, crime scene photographs (if possible), victim statements, official records, and perpetrator interviews. 2. If multiple crime scenes exist, each needs to be detailed for an evaluation report. 3. Sexually motivated crimes are usually committed based on a well-defined fantasy. 相似文献
980.
Krejci MJ Thompson KM Simonich H Crosby RD Donaldson MA Wonderlich SA Mitchelle JE 《Journal of child sexual abuse》2004,13(2):85-103
This study assessed the association between spirituality and psychopathology in a group of sexual abuse victims and controls with a focus on whether spirituality moderated the association between sexual trauma and psychopathology. Seventy-one sexual trauma victims were compared to 25 control subjects on spiritual well-being, the Eating Disorder Examination, the PTSD Symptom Scale, and the SCID-I/P. The data showed that the two groups did not differ in terms of spiritual well-being. Sexual trauma status was associated with most of the psychopathology outcomes, but its impact on psychopathology was largely unmoderated by spirituality. Among sexual trauma victims, the level of spiritual well-being did not alter the probability of current psychopathology. However, increased spiritual well-being was generally associated with lower psychopathology for the entire sample. 相似文献