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151.
The appropriateness and desirability of researching children have been issues of some debate. Children may be perceived as non-competent or vulnerable, and proxies have been used as children's representatives. Increasingly researchers are speaking to children directly. Why is this so and what are the methodological and ethical implications of researching children's views? In this paper the authors draw on their own experiences of researching children in the fields of child carers and the impact of the Child Support Act 1991. A number of social, political and legal trends are identified which form a background to the growing interest in children as potential and actual participants in the research process. The theoretical, methodological, ethical and practical issues involved are then identified and described, using examples from two separate studies conducted by the authors. 相似文献
152.
Learning about radon's risk 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
V. Kerry Smith William H. Desvousges Ann Fisher F. Reed Johnson 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1988,1(2):233-258
This article reports the results of an evaluation of the effectiveness of different types of information materials in communicating the risk from exposure to radon, a naturally occurring indoor air pollutant. The study involved a panel of 2300 homeowners who actually experienced risks from radon, and the information program used to explain these risks. The analysis considered information transfer and performance on specific tasks requiring information on the risk from radon to measure learning. The results suggest a systematic learning process, but indicate that the process can be influenced by how risk information is presented. 相似文献
153.
We construct a model of sex-role transmission from mothers to daughters using three survey years from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experiences of Mature Women and Young Women. We develop a series of hypotheses specifying race differences on how mothers' sex-role attitudes and work behavior during daughters' adolescence influence daughter's adult work and sex-role attitudes. The major difference between blacks and whites lies not in the relationships between attitudes and behavior within cohort, but rather in the manner in which these are transmitted across generations. 相似文献
154.
155.
156.
Ann Reisner 《Rural sociology》2003,68(1):46-63
Abstract This study examines how six national newspapers balanced supporting agriculture (a morally good occupation) with supporting environ‐mentalism (nature as a moral value), in an area in which agricultural and environmental interests conflict—farm use of pesticides. The study showed that, contrary to expectations, newspapers supported social change (were largely critical of pesticide use and sympathetic to organic agriculture). Farmers were portrayed positively as quiet social movement participants, and newspapers suggested that government and universities were blocking infrastructural change that should be supported. The study contradicts earlier theories of the press and social movements that suggest that newspapers contain, rather than promote, social change. 相似文献
157.
This paper examines the earnings of public transit bus drivers for both the pre-Reagan and Reagan-Bush eras using Current
Population Survey data. The findings show that union drivers were consistently paid a significant wage premium over nonunion
drivers, a premium which also exceeded that for unionized private nontransport operatives — suggesting that special institutional
features of the public transit industry have collectively conferred market power on unionized public transit workers. During
the Reagan years, the earnings of public transit drivers, union and nonunion alike, rose relative to those of private and
public nontransport operatives in spite of federally-spearheaded cost containment policies. In 1990, these earnings fell relative
to those of private and public nontransport operatives, suggesting that the effects of these policies may be beginning to
be felt.
Helpful comments were provided by Don Bellante and an anonymous referee 相似文献
158.
Sara A. M. Axtell Ann W. Garwick Joän Patterson Forrest C. Bennett Robert Wm. Blum 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1995,16(4):395-411
Data about health and educational services were collected from 187 families with young children (under two years) who have
chronic illnesses and disabilities. The purpose was to assess parents' satisfaction with services their families received
and to identify families' unmet service needs as well as the reasons for these unmet needs. Although families' ratings of
the adequacy of services are relatively high, 28% of the families report unmet service needs. The unmet needs most often reported
are occupational, physical, or speech therapy; respite care/child care; and special education. Lack of funding is the most
commonly given reason for unmet needs. Children with multiple impairments are at highest risk for unmet needs. Only 22% of
unmet needs reported at the initial interview have been met by the time of the six-month follow-up. Increased coordination
and monitoring of services across service sectors are indicated.
Her research interests include the effects of disability on family identity and families' responses to minority stress. She
received her Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. She gratefully acknowledges Shelley Blazis and Nadav Casuto for statistical
consulting.
Her research interests focus on the impact of chronic illness and disability on families. She received her Ph.D. from the
University of Minnesota.
Her research interests include families and health and chronic illness and disability in children. She received her Ph.D.
in Family Social Science at the University of Minnesota.
His areas of interest include neurodevelopmental outcomes of low birth weight infants and training in developmental pediatrics.
He was graduated from the University of Minnesota Medical School.
His areas of interest include adolescents with chronic illness and disabilities, adolescent sexual decision making, and international
adolescent health care issues. He was graduated from Howard University College of Medicine was awarded his earned doctorate
in Health Policy from the University of Minnesota.
Preparation of this article was supported by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Grant #H133890012. 相似文献
159.
This paper describes a project to inform and to elicit the views on The Children Act 1989 of forty five young people who were currently being looked after by English local authorities in out-of-home-care. The full findings are reported elsewhere (Buchanan, Wheal, Walder, Macdonald, & Coker, 1993).One of the key principles of The Children Act 1989 was that children and young people should, in the light of their age and understanding, be consulted and participate in decisions affecting their lives, provided that this approach did not jeopardise their welfare. Throughout 1991 the Department of Health in London orchestrated an impressive training initiative to ensure that all those who had a role in implementing the Act were aware of the principles that informed the legislation. Leaflets were also prepared for young people who were being looked after in foster or residential care. During this period I asked a young man in a local authority residential establishment, what he knew about the new law. “No one tells me anything”, he replied. This was worrying because without the necessary information, such young people would poorly equipped if they wished to participate in decisions affecting their lives, and more seriously they would be poorly protected should they have reason to complain about their care. During the late 1980's and early 1990's there had been a number of concerns about the welfare of young people living in residential settings. These had resulted in a spate of enquiries, (Levy & Kahan, 1991), (Williams & Macreadie, 1992), and a number of reports (e.g. Utting, 1991; Warner, 1992). 相似文献
160.