Estimation of trade-offs with capture-recapture models: A case study on the lesser snow goose

Trade-offs between traits such as fecundity or survival are fundamental to much of our understanding of the evolution of life histories. There has been much renewed interest and controversy concerning methods for estimating trade-offs, in the wild or in captivity, and with or without experimental manipulations. In this paper, we assess the general question of the utility of modern capture-recapture methods as a robust tool for estimating trade-offs in natural populations. We present results from analyses of two forms of trade-offs: the cost of present reproduction on future survival and the cost of present reproduction on the probability of breeding in the future. We apply the methods to data from a long-term study of a snow goose population, and generally discuss the advantages and potential problems with various approaches.     

THE PROFESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT OF HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN: THE IMPACT OF FAMILY

The purpose of this article is to examine factors related to the professional involvement of highly educated women. Three indicators of involvement are considered: nonemployment, part-time work, employment not making use of highest degree. The sample consists of 663 women who received high-level degrees from a large midwestern university between 1964 and 1974. Results indicate that both family role position and role bargaining outcomes play a major role in determining the level of involvement. Indicators of the latter, including previously untested measures of the timing of family and career beginnings and husband's moves for his wife's career, were important determinants of all three measures of involvement. As a caveat, we question the culturally pervasive assumption that lower involvement is necessarily negative. Information from a small number of in-depth interviews suggests that these women value an overall balance between work and family rather than consistently high levels of professional involvement. Future research must explore this possibility.     

Using logic programming to facilitate qualitative data analysis

Conventional word-processing programs and LOGLISP, a system which integrates logic programming with LISP, form the basis for QUALOG, a set of computer programs which facilitates the qualitative data analysis process. These programs aid the researcher's conceptual work in data analysis in four areas: 1) formatting the data as text files; 2) creating, organizing, and storing a knowledge base of information about the data; 3) testing knowledge-base queries relevant to working hypotheses for confirming and for disconfirming information; and 4) creating, organizing, and storing files for the researcher's memoranda.     

A Review of the Current State of Negotiated Order Theory: an Appreciation and a Critique*

It is argued that the theory of negotiated order, which has remained largely submerged within a series of fairly specific “grounded” case studies of occupations, professions, and complex organizations in the health field, has a number of attractive qualities to it. As such, it represents one of the more exciting recent developments in the study of organizations The present paper examines the more recent historical origins of the theory, summarizes its major points, and critically assesses its strengths and weaknesses. Since most of the substance of the theory is found in studies of health professionals working in hospital settings, the examples used here are also derived from this particular body of literature. Some future possible directions which we believe will improve the overall explanatory power of the perspective are presented in the concluding section.     

An intelligent system for experimental design-some ideas

There is a growing movement towards the construction of statistical expert systems by statisticians to assist incertain aspects of their work. As one of the most'abused’ areas, experimental design could benefit from a system ofthis type. This paperoutlines some ideas on how a system for intelligently constructing designs could be built.     

Some theoretical considerations on confidential adoption part IV: Countertransference

Psychological self-awareness is as essential to the maturation of one's professional self as is the development of theoretical and clinical expertise in child placement. This paper represents a first published attempt at examining countertransference in adoption. The focus is within the context of confidential adoptions, which the authors believe is more child-focused and intrapsychically based than the current experimentation with open adoptions. A distinction is made between countertransference and non-countertransference issues. Countertransference responses are divided into Racker's three categories: the concordant; the complementary; and the disjunctive. Clinical data illustrates these responses in actual practice from the perspective of confidential adoptions.This paper was presented in 1985 before the Illinois Infant Mental Health Association, National Society of Clinical Social Workers, and the National Association of Social Workers National Professional Symposium.This is the last of a series. Parts I, II, and III were published in Vol. 2, Nos. 1, 2, and 3.     

Setting Up a Rural Private Practice*

This irreverent, somewhat breezy paper describes the experience of the author in establishing a private practice in an unusual setting and offers some observations for others. Editor.     

The New York City neighborhood-based services strategy

The New York City Administration for Children's Services (ACS) instituted a neighborhood-based services system through the realignment of all foster care, preventive, and protective services along community district lines. ACS, with its community partners, also formed neighborhood-based networks to improve service coordination and collaboration among key community stakeholders and to shape a multisystem strategy tailored to each district informed by child welfare data. Based on analysis of neighborhood-specific census tract child welfare data, ACS initiated the Community Partnership to Strengthen Families project to address the disproportionate number of foster care placements originating from a small group of high-need communities, including Manhattan's Central Harlem. This article describes examples of specific strategies based on the Central Harlem experience.