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The Impermanence of Permanence: The Rise of Probationary Immigration in Canada

This article engages with arguments that contemporary immigration politics is defined by a “loss of settlement” by examining recent developments in Canadian immigration and refugee policy that have made permanent residence less permanent. We suggest that the rise of probationary immigration has been facilitated by horizontal status stratification within groups that were historically marked by relative status equality. In order to examine this claim empirically in the Canadian context, we analyze the rise of temporary foreign worker recruitment, the move from “one-step” to “two-step” immigration, and changes to refugee policy that, for the first time, linked loss of refugee status to the loss of permanent resident status.     

Overtime in Relation to Blood Pressure and Mood During Work, Leisure, and Night Time

This study examined the association between characteristics of the workplace and overtime. A sample of 117 women and 126 men were assessed over 24 hours of a working day by means of a computerized diary and ambulant monitoring of blood pressure. Of the total sample, 178 participants had a contractual weekly working time of 40 hours. Of these, 106 participants worked overtime (OT) and 72 worked regular time (RT). Contrary to expectations, a significant association was found between the amount of OT and the quality of task design (e.g., high decision latitude, high level of freedom). Men and women working OT had less leisure time, and men also reported less obligatory time (e.g., time for household, childcare etc.) than those working RT. Women, but not men, working OT had a higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure during work than those working RT. Significantly more participants in the group of men and women working OT were found to have a disturbed ability to recover and to display clinically relevant sleep disturbances than in the group working regular hours. Furthermore, working OT was associated with less positive affect after work (obligatory and leisure time) in men, and with more negative affect during work and before going to bed in men and women. The results imply the need for jobs that can be finished within regular working hours and that give employees opportunities for job control. Such jobs enable a balance to be found between work load and recovery and represent a prerequisite for occupational health and well-being.     

Analysis and evaluation of moderator effects in regression models: state of art, alternatives and empirical example

The identification and analysis of moderator relationships regularly confronts the empirical research with statistical and methodical challenges. Which misinterpretations and false conclusions result from different methodical procedures for the identification of moderator effects shall be demonstrated by means of the present contribution. Thereby, the moderated regression analysis represents the most popular procedure in this context.     

Übergangsrituale im Coaching: Bedeutung und Einsatzmöglichkeiten

Rites of passage are helpful to master difficult situations in life, such as crises, changes in status or social roles, or transition between two phases in life. The concepts developed in sociology and cultural anthropology around this subject can be utilized in coaching, when dealing with issues related to change and transition. The paper focuses on the main aspects of these concepts in addition to proposing concrete methods to employ ritual elements in coaching situations.     

A closest vector problem arising in radiation therapy planning

In this paper we consider the following closest vector problem. We are given a set of 0–1 vectors, the generators, an integer vector, the target vector, and a nonnegative integer C. Among all vectors that can be written as nonnegative integer linear combinations of the generators, we seek a vector whose ℓ _∞-distance to the target vector does not exceed C, and whose ℓ ₁-distance to the target vector is minimum.     

Die Entwicklung von Organisations- und Teamstrukturen zur Integration von Flüchtlingen: Zwei Fallbeispiele aus der SchweizThe development of organization and team structures in institutions for refugee integration: Two examples from Switzerland

The article is concerned with the organizational and team-related challenges of integration of refugees in Switzerland from the perspective of the actors in organizations who assume this task in their daily work. Based on interviews with employees of the Zürcher Fachorganisation AOZ and the Fachstelle Integration Graubünden the development and functionality of different organizational structures will be discussed and analyzed with regard to their adaptation to structural conditions of the region as well as specific requirements of the arriving refugees. Particular consideration is given to measures of social and professional integration. The two organizations were chosen because the former is well established in Switzerland and has been active in the integration of refugees for more than 30 years and the latter has been particularly successful in assisting refugees to get a placement in the primary labor market. Numerous challenges of newly arriving refugees in Switzerland require different targeted services (language training, cultural integration, psychological support, etc.). In order to meet these requirements coordinated, balanced team structures are required. The results show that the two organizations differ considerably in their structure, distribution of tasks and integration into networks despite almost identical remits.     

Job Stability Trends,Lay‐offs,and Transitions to Unemployment in West Germany

This paper examines the evolution of different aspects of job stability, notably the termination reasons and the transition states. We estimate Semi‐Parametric Cox Hazard Models with competing risks for West Germany and find an increasing hazard of job ending that is driven by an increasing hazard of being laid off, primarily. One explanation found is that men with fixed‐term contracts face increasing risks of being displaced. In accordance with the technological change hypothesis we also find that men with a high degree of non‐routine interactive tasks face a declining risk of displacement.     

Linking Maternal Warmth and Responsiveness to Children's Self‐regulation

The present study demonstrated that a more differentiated view of positive parenting practices is necessary in the study of children's acquisition of self‐regulation. Here, the unique contributions of maternal warmth and responsiveness to distress to children's self‐regulation were tested in a sample of 102 German mothers and their kindergarten children (51 girls and 51 boys). Behavior regulation and internalization of rules of conduct were examined as specific components of children's self‐regulation. As expected, maternal warmth was positively related to the child's behavior regulation. Responsiveness to distress was positively linked to the child's internalization of rules of conduct. No significant interactions between maternal parenting and either the child's gender or effortful control were found. The results are discussed with regard to the unique functions that different parenting practices have for children's self‐regulation.     

Functional Elements in Infants' Speech Processing: The Role of Determiners in the Syntactic Categorization of Lexical Elements

How do children determine the syntactic category of novel words? In this article we present the results of 2 experiments that investigated whether German children between 12 and 16 months of age can use distributional knowledge that determiners precede nouns and subject pronouns precede verbs to syntactically categorize adjacent novel words. Evidence from the head‐turn preference paradigm shows that, although 12‐ to 13‐month‐olds cannot do this, 14‐ to 16‐month‐olds are able to use a determiner to categorize a following novel word as a noun. In contrast, no categorization effect was found for a novel word following a subject pronoun. To understand this difference we analyzed adult child‐directed speech. This analysis showed that there are in fact stronger co‐occurrence relations between determiners and nouns than between subject pronouns and verbs. Thus, in German determiners may be more reliable cues to the syntactic category of an adjacent novel word than are subject pronouns. We propose that the capacity to syntactically categorize novel words, demonstrated here for the first time in children this young, mediates between the recognition of the specific morphosyntactic frame in which a novel word appears and the word‐to‐world mapping that is needed to build up a semantic representation for the novel word.