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Zakocs RC Tiwari R Vehige T DeJong W 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2008,57(2):233-241
OBJECTIVE: A campus-community partnership can be an effective vehicle for launching environmental strategies to prevent college alcohol-related problems. In this study, the authors' primary aim was identifying key factors that facilitate or impede colleges' efforts to build campus-community partnerships. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: From fall 2004 to summer 2006, administrators at five 4-year colleges participated in a multisite case study. Level of partnership development was the primary outcome. RESULTS: Three interrelated factors facilitated higher-developed partnerships: college staff assigned to facilitate the partnerships who worked as community organizers, higher-level college administrators who served as aggressive champions, and community initiation of the partnership. The authors did not observe this trio of factors among the less-developed partnerships. A lack of administrative support made it more difficult for a champion to emerge, a college administrator who staunchly advocated for a campus-community partnership, and for those assigned to facilitate the partnership to carry out their work. CONCLUSIONS: Colleges should appoint higher-level administrators to serve as champions, while also ensuring that those assigned to facilitate a partnership can apply community organizing skills. 相似文献
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Using quadratic programming and utilizing the concept of ‘nearest proportional to size sampling design’, we propose a method for two-dimensional optimal controlled selection, which ensures zero probability to non-preferred samples. An alternative strategy for estimation of population total and variance is also suggested. The utility of the proposed procedure is demonstrated with the help of examples. 相似文献
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Statistical modeling for Bayesian extrapolation of adult clinical trial information in pediatric drug evaluation 下载免费PDF全文
Margaret Gamalo‐Siebers Jasmina Savic Cynthia Basu Xin Zhao Mathangi Gopalakrishnan Aijun Gao Guochen Song Simin Baygani Laura Thompson H. Amy Xia Karen Price Ram Tiwari Bradley P. Carlin 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2017,16(4):232-249
Children represent a large underserved population of “therapeutic orphans,” as an estimated 80% of children are treated off‐label. However, pediatric drug development often faces substantial challenges, including economic, logistical, technical, and ethical barriers, among others. Among many efforts trying to remove these barriers, increased recent attention has been paid to extrapolation; that is, the leveraging of available data from adults or older age groups to draw conclusions for the pediatric population. The Bayesian statistical paradigm is natural in this setting, as it permits the combining (or “borrowing”) of information across disparate sources, such as the adult and pediatric data. In this paper, authored by the pediatric subteam of the Drug Information Association Bayesian Scientific Working Group and Adaptive Design Working Group, we develop, illustrate, and provide suggestions on Bayesian statistical methods that could be used to design improved pediatric development programs that use all available information in the most efficient manner. A variety of relevant Bayesian approaches are described, several of which are illustrated through 2 case studies: extrapolating adult efficacy data to expand the labeling for Remicade to include pediatric ulcerative colitis and extrapolating adult exposure‐response information for antiepileptic drugs to pediatrics. 相似文献
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Tiwari Chhavi Bhattacharjee Sankalpa Sethi Pradeepta Chakrabarti Debkumar 《Population research and policy review》2022,41(4):1673-1698
Population Research and Policy Review - The study examines the effects of seasonal and permanent migration on rural inequalities in India. We apply the counterfactual method to estimate income... 相似文献
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The problems of estimating the reliability function and Pr{X1+...+Xk ≤ Y} are considered. The random variables X’s and Y are assumed to follow binomial and Poisson distributions. Classical estimators
available in the literature are discussed and Bayes estimators are derived. In order to obtain the estimators of these parametric
functions, the basic role is played by the estimators of factorial moments of the two distributions. 相似文献
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A distribution-free method to generate high-dimensional sequences of dependent variables with an autoregressive structure is presented. The quantile or fractile correlation (i.e., the moment correlation of the quantiles) is used as measure of dependence among a set of contiguous variables. The proposed algorithm breaks the sequence in small parts and avoids having to define one large correlation matrix for the entire high-dimensional sequence of variables. Simulations based on proteomics data are presented. Results suggest that negligible or no loss of fractile correlation occurs by splitting the generation of a sequence into small parts. 相似文献
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Aviral Kumar Tiwari 《Journal of applied statistics》2015,42(3):662-675
The literature devoted to the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis, which is of utmost importance for policymaking in emerging countries, provides mixed evidence for the validity of the hypothesis. Recent contributions focus on the time-dependence of the relationship between export and output growth using rolling causality techniques based on vector autoregressive models. These models focus on a short-term view which captures single policy-induced developments. However, long-term structural changes cannot be covered by examinations related to the short-term. This paper hence examines the time-varying validity of the ELG hypothesis for India for the period 1960–2011 using rolling causality techniques for both the short-run and long-run horizon. For the first time, window-wise optimal lag-selection procedures are applied in connection with these techniques. We find that exports long-run caused output growth from 1997 until 2009 which can be seen as a consequence of political reforms of the 1990s that boosted economic growth by generating foreign direct investment opportunities and higher exports. For the short-run, export significantly caused output in the period 1998–2003 which followed a concentration of liberalization measures in 1997. Causality in the reversed direction, from output to exports, only seems to be relevant in the short-run. 相似文献
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The trend test is often used for the analysis of 2×K ordered categorical data, in which K pre-specified increasing scores are used. There have been discussions on how to assign these scores and the impact of the outcomes on different scores. The scores are often assigned based on the data-generating model. When this model is unknown, using the trend test is not robust. We discuss the weighted average of a trend test over all scientifically plausible choices of scores or models. This approach is more computationally efficient than a commonly used robust test MAX when K is large. Our discussion is for any ordered 2×K table, but simulation and applications to real data are focused on case-control genetic association studies. Although there is no single test optimal for all choices of scores, our numerical results show that some score averaging tests can achieve the performance of MAX. 相似文献
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