政府主导型景区开发中居民社会关系与乡村居民利益获取研究

人类活动具有社会性并在生产生活中产生各种关系,诸种关系不是杂乱无章的堆积,而是具有一定秩序与规律的有机整体,这一整体就是社会关系系统.在政府主导型景区开发中,政府通过政治关系运用政治权力主导机构设置、资金投入、资产补偿等景区开发活动,直接或间接影响利益分配.政府主导可能导致乡村社区丧失景区控制权;规划团队及规划方案使乡村社区核心景点和非景点区域利益获取出现分化,引发乡村社区利益空间秩序发生变化.研究发现,在社会关系影响下,各利益相关者在乡村社区展开博弈,导致社区生产空间和旅游利益分配非均衡发展;社区居民与其他景区利益相关者的关联性及关联程度影响着社区居民的利益获取.     

伦理视角下农业的二重特性及农作“时”观念的省思

农业是人类生存和发展的基础和支撑,也是人类最早开始的有计划、有组织从事的社会活动。一方面,与其他人类活动不同,农业需要与大自然打交道,农业生产是在自然场所中显示和展开,自然亲自参与了农业生产的始终。另一方面,从对人类发展的推动来看,农业是人们最早为着满足自身生存需要而从事的一种社会活动。既然农业是作为人类的一种社会活动而存在,它必然体现了人的各方面社会特征和价值。与人参与其他社会活动涉及伦理一样,农业不但具有一般伦理的特性,而且因为它同时涉及人与自然的关系,于是决定了其伦理关注与其他人类活动不同,不只是关注人与人之间的伦理关系,更主要的是关注人与自然之间的伦理关系。农业关注的对象不是人,乃是有生命特性的农作物,这些农作物或者动物具备生命的类特征,而且这些生命特征出于自然,具有自然属性,这一点也决定了人在生产农作物的时候需要遵循自然的规范原则,由此亦决定了农业伦理需要在规范伦理学的框架中加以考察和认知。同时,农业是为着人类生存的需要而产生的,人对农业的判断又显示出功利性,使农业呈现功利性伦理的特征。因而,农业伦理具备了伦理学理论的各个层面,甚至将一些看似矛盾的伦理学理论恰如其分地整合在一起。农业伦理不只是单方面属于哪一个伦理理论,而是融合了伦理学中典型的两个流派即功利主义和义务论。在这种融合中,农业显明出一方面以支撑人的生存为目的,另一方面需要适应自然的客观性特征,于是农业伦理也随之在这两个层面反映出其独具特色的差异性。农业伦理的二重性不只是学理上的一种考量和认定,而且是具体地显明在农业实践之中,农业耕作中的"时"观念就是农业二重特性的实践显现,使农业伦理成为与具体实践相结合的实践理性。     

南方谈话理论品质的三个维度——兼论其对共同富裕的启示

当前改革已进入攻坚阶段,重温邓小平南方谈话意义重大。应以宏观的视野对南方谈话进行整体性观照,从实践理性、辩证理性、价值理性三个维度准确把握其理论品质,这对当前实现共同富裕目标有着积极的启示意义。     

铁路总价承包合同管理存在的主要问题及对策

结合我国铁路总价承包合同执行现状，对铁路合同专用条款中存在的承发包双方法律地位不对等、工程款拨付比例不切实际、总承包风险费严重不足等主要不合理内容进行剖析，说明不合理的原因。对发包人处理正负量差的方式、工期调整产生的赶工费不能全额解决及部分变更设计在源头上得不到认可等在合同执行过程中存在的问题进行研究。简单分析产生不合理条款和合同执行不到位的主要原因。针对这些不合理条款，提出应对策略。     

拥有自有品牌零售商的平台开放策略研究

随着电子商务的快速发展，零售商之间竞争加剧，自有品牌战略成为零售商获取竞争优势的关键。研究拥有自有品牌零售商的平台开放策略，通过对比零售商不开放平台和开放平台下的均衡利润，给出零售商平台开放策略选择条件，并分析产品之间价格影响系数、固定成本和潜在需求差异系数对零售商平台开放策略选择的影响，最后结合数值分析和京东自有品牌的发展现状验证了本文的主要研究结论。研究发现：第一，随着固定成本的增加，佣金费率逐渐减少，随着潜在需求差异系数的增加，佣金费率逐渐增加；第二，当产品之间的价格影响系数较小（较大）时，平台开放（不开放）是零售商的最优选择；第三，当固定成本较小（较大）时，平台开放（不开放）是零售商的最优选择；第四，当潜在需求差异系数较小（较大）时，平台开放（不开放）是零售商的最优选择。     

Simultaneous edit-imputation and disclosure limitation for business establishment data

Business establishment microdata typically are required to satisfy agency-specified edit rules, such as balance equations and linear inequalities. Inevitably some establishments' reported data violate the edit rules. Statistical agencies correct faulty values using a process known as edit-imputation. Business establishment data also must be heavily redacted before being shared with the public; indeed, confidentiality concerns lead many agencies not to share establishment microdata as unrestricted access files. When microdata must be heavily redacted, one approach is to create synthetic data, as done in the U.S. Longitudinal Business Database and the German IAB Establishment Panel. This article presents the first implementation of a fully integrated approach to edit-imputation and data synthesis. We illustrate the approach on data from the U.S. Census of Manufactures and present a variety of evaluations of the utility of the synthetic data. The paper also presents assessments of disclosure risks for several intruder attacks. We find that the synthetic data preserve important distributional features from the post-editing confidential microdata, and have low risks for the various attacks.     

霍布斯论平等

文章系统地分析了霍布斯哲学理论中数学概念 “相等”以及实践哲学概念 “平等” 的内涵;并在此基础上通过比较指明了两者的相关性。霍布斯在两种意义上使用 “相等”概念: 该概念的一般用法是意指具有量的规定性的不同对象在量上的同一关系;其特殊用法是意指缺 乏量的规定性的不同对象 (比如几何点与几何点、瞬时与瞬时)的不可公度性的事实。霍布斯 在两种意义上使用 “平等”概念:自然平等意指自然人由于无法确定测度彼此的未来行动，从 而引起的不安全感或在行动上不确定的心理状态;政治平等则意指国家成员的行动品质和行动 与国家法相符合的特征。这样，霍布斯实践哲学中的 “政治平等”与 “自然平等”概念可以看 作是其数学中 “相等”概念两种用法的延伸;只是在其实践哲学中，待比较的对象不是量，而 是行动者的行为;充当公度的不是数学单位，而是国家法。     

代际关系变迁视野下道德濡化模式的当代转变

道德濡化具有代际制约性。在传统的和谐—控制型代际关系下,道德濡化模式为"前喻型",它使道德濡化得以较好实现。当代社会变迁中,代际关系趋于复杂,代际隔阂产生,前喻型道德濡化模式不再适应新的代际关系,道德濡化遭遇时代困境。当代道德濡化要想走出困境,需要建立和谐—平等型代际关系,建构互喻型道德濡化模式。     

Assessing Participation and Effectiveness of the Peer-Led Approach in Youth Sexual Health Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in More Developed Countries

Sexual health education for young people is crucial not only for development of norms but also for protection against vulnerabilities during this stage in life. Although several systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of peer-led sex education, none have focused on the extent of peer participation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate peer-led sexual health education interventions in more developed countries (MDCs). Electronic and manual searches across five social science, education, and medical databases were conducted. Fifteen articles were selected in total. Most (10 of 15) studies gave low or no responsibility to peers. The majority of articles found improvements in sexual health knowledge (13 of 14) and attitudes (11 of 15) at postintervention stages. Two studies showed improved self-efficacy, and three showed behavioral changes. A preliminary synthesis of effectiveness and level of participation was done. Meta-analysis revealed a large effect on knowledge change (Hedges’ g = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 1.25) and a medium effect on attitude change (Hedges’ g = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80). Peer-led interventions could be a powerful tool. This review shows that this approach is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors. Further research and action are needed to understand optimal implementation.     

Supportive Housing for Addicted,Incarcerated Homeless Adults

ABSTRACT

Homeless populations often suffer from mental illness, substance abuse, and criminality. Interventions, such as supportive housing, can have positive impacts, although benefits can be limited. This study examined outcomes for clients (N = 102) of a new supportive housing intervention. Use of formal treatment, jail contact, and community stability were compared pre- and post-housing. Jail bookings and residential substance abuse treatment significantly declined post-housing, while clients improved in income level, access to food, and housing stability. Results from official justice and treatment system data suggest that supportive housing can lead to significant changes. Future research is necessary to understand the relationship between client characteristics and outcomes.