MODELING TIME-COST TRADE-OFFS IN CPM NETWORKS

A new type of PERT/CPM methodology is introduced whereby the individual activities within a project management network are endowed with resistive and capacitive elements. This methodology will enable us to mathematically define a completion time for the various activities and to relate the completion time to relevant cost in the completion of a particular task. It will also allow us to define the work done, and the rate at which work is being done, in an activity as a function of the applied effort and resource outlay. As a consequence, both the resource expenditure and the work done can be tracked within a network as a function of time.     

Unemployment in Urban China: an Analysis of Survey Data from Shanghai

Abstract. We analyse the unemployment problem in the largest Chinese city, Shanghai, based on a survey of the unemployed conducted in late 1989. We find, as expected, that unemployment is particularly serious among school-leavers and contract and temporary workers, but also find a surprisingly high incidence of unemployment amongst permanent state employees and relatively long unemployment durations. The Shanghai unemployed rely heavily on occasional work for support, and only a small proportion-receive state benefit. We identify problems of interpretation stemming from the stock-sampling nature of the survey, and use non-parametric methods to reveal an underlying strong downward movement in individual re-employment probabilities.     

民族·性别·历史叙事——重读玛拉沁夫《茫茫的草原》

长篇小说《茫茫的草原》中的少数民族女性形象及其性别表述,敞开了文本在多重话语缠绕下的文化内涵和精神诉求。从民族和性别的角度考察可以看到,一方面,小说对主要人物的塑造体现了传统的性别定位;另一方面,作者在修改版中借助于对人物民族身份和性别身份的置换传达出一定的民族自我认同意识。小说以朴素的女性关怀再现了处于历史边缘的蒙古族女性的生命境遇;作者对特殊身份女性形象的艺术处理,显示了民族性别深层审美心理的外化。     

无世界的先验自我——论海德格尔对康德自我概念的现象学批判

以海德格尔解释学的现象学视野来看,康德是在传统形而上学的轨道上运思的,他对于主体性的阐释缺乏适当的存在论之领悟境域,因而他对主体的存在方式没有进行彻底地追问,由此错失了世界现象。海德格尔借助现象学的意向性方法,从时间这一领悟境域重新思考了此在的生存建制,把康德对主体性的追问推进到了存在论的维度。     

大庆市农村土地承包经营权流转工作的调查与思考

大庆市农村土地流转工作的现状和存在的问题,主要表现在1．思想观念落后;2．带动力转移环境不够良好;3．流转行为不规范;4．规模小,流转后无保护;5．村级组织作用软弱这五个方面。针对存在问题提出了相应的对策建议：一是建立七个流转机制,来解决土地流转中出现的问题;二是培育土地流转市场,以产业规模化经营促进流转;三是加大富余劳动力转移就业;四是加大资金扶持,进一步解决农业规模经营资金缺乏问题。     

从甲骨文“后”、“好”、“祖”等字的构形看古代的生殖崇拜

上古先民特别崇拜生殖,从而也崇拜生殖器官.这种生殖崇拜作为先民的一种意识形态,必然会在汉字的构形中得到体现.我们从甲骨文"后"、"好"、"祖"等字的构形中,可以感受到上古先民这种强烈的生殖崇拜意识.     

郭象的自然观述论

郭象的自然观涵盖天地万物的方方面面,在理论逻辑上实上通于其"适性逍遥"的理论,是其逍遥观的理论基础.通过自生之自然、自性之自然、理之自然及无为之自然诸义,郭象建立了一个完整的自然哲学体系,在理论形态上不仅是对前人的重大突破,亦将道家之自然观发展至其极.     

Analyzing Cultural Models in Adolescent Accounts of Romantic Relationships

Research on academic achievement has led the way in demonstrating how culturally constructed meanings shape adolescent scholastic behavior. The aim of this research is to move this standpoint of analysis more centrally into the area of adolescent dating and sexuality by focusing on the cultural components of adolescent romantic relationships. This study examines cultural models of romantic relationships in Vernacular Term Interviews of 68 African American and 59 Mexican American 11th‐ and 12th‐grade female and male high school students. A subset of interviews was analyzed first qualitatively to identify the models. The models then were committed to a manual and 4 analytic coders established reliability before coding all interviews blind as to race/ethnicity and gender of the adolescent. The resultant data were summarized by a principal components analysis that yielded 5 interpretable factors. Factor scores were computed and compared for gender and race/ethnicity differences. The results demonstrated clear differences in factors by race/ethnicity but not by gender. Results are discussed in relation to cultural differences described in the literature for these 2 populations.     

The social worker as intellectual

This paper examines the state of intellectual activity within social work under the conditions of neo-liberalism. It is motivated by concern with the demise of what previously was termed ‘bottom-up’ social work and a growing sense of despair amongst front line social workers regarding their capacity to engage with users, citizens and communities in ways other than those determined by managerial and regulatory mechanisms. This leads us into a discussion about the possibilities of what it might mean for social workers to think of themselves as ‘intellectuals’. It considers the different meanings of the term ‘intellectual’ and argues that social work has much to gain from the tradition which has identified new kinds of public sector professionals as ‘transformative intellectuals’.     

新兴国家土地管理畅谈系列之五 俄罗斯土地制度改革与土地市场建立

土地是动植物的栖息地,也是全人类进行农业生产活动的基本资源。近年来,国际上对土地保护越来越关注,把它视作人类生存的重要保障。历史教训告诉我们,一些文明古国由于没有保护好自己的土地而衰亡,一些发展中国家由于没有利用好自己的土地而落后。世界上绝大部分土地分布在众多的第三世界国家,中国作为一个发展中国家,在保护利用土地的过程中,不仅要学习借鉴发达国家的先进管理经验,也有必要把目光投向与自己历史、资源、国情相近的第三世界特别是新兴国家,取长补短、趋利避害。本刊外来和尚栏目将分期选取多个在土地保护利用方面成就突出的新兴国家,为我国的土地保护利用探寻有价值的信息。