The LGB Mormon Paradox: Mental,Physical, and Self-Rated Health Among Mormon and Non-Mormon LGB Individuals in the Utah Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Much of the literature on mental and physical health among religious LGB individuals has relied on small-N convenience samples. This study takes advantage of a unique, large-N, population-based dataset to test the relationship between religious identity, religious activity, and health, with a specific emphasis on Utah Mormons. In a surprising finding, Mormon LGBs report better mental health than non-Mormon LGBs, while their self-rated and physical health is not significantly different. However, there is some evidence that Mormon LGBs derive fewer health benefits from church attendance than their non-LGB Mormon counterparts. These results may nuance the conventional wisdom regarding the health dynamics of LGB individuals who identify with a conservative, heteronormative religious tradition, and plausible explanations are discussed.     

高校体育与大学生心理健康的影响

近年来,我国高校一系列大学生杀人、自杀和伤害事件的频繁发生,已在教育界引起巨大的震动,大学生的心理健康问题已成为学生、家长、高校乃至整个社会普遍关心的问题。如何提高大学生的心理健康水平,已经成为当前高校急待解决的一个热点问题。经过多年的实践探索,目前国外许多国家已经广泛地将体育锻炼作为治疗心理疾病的一种方法,近年来,我国在相关方面也做了大量的研究。本文比较深入地分析了大学生心理健康的现状和原因,同时针对体育运动对大学生心理健康的促进作用展开了论述;最后,作者提出了一些用体育促进心理健康的方法和建议,希望高校体育工作者适应新时期高校体育改革的步伐,不断深入地研究体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的影响,采取有效的手段,有的放矢地对大学生进行心理健康教育,从而真正对我国大学生心理的健康水平的提升做出应有的贡献。     

Isomorphism,Institutional Parochialism,and the Sociology of Religion

This article investigates whether the field of sociology of religion is occupied by parochial concerns. We characterize institutional parochialism as the degree to which people in an academic field tend to study their own societies. This study employs a content analysis of articles published in The Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion and Sociology of Religion from 2001 to 2008, with particular attention paid to the incidences in which Muslim and non-Western groups were studied before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. There was no change in the rate that “Muslim” communities were studied following the 9/11 attacks, but it appears journal content did change to reflect ongoing debates in the West and in response to mimetic pressures being placed on the field. Overall, if the sociology of religion can be characterized as parochial, we contend that the broader field of American sociology is likely far more so.     

大学生汉式英语写作的认知成因及其消解方式

汉式英语存在于大学生英语写作的各个层面,可以从语言、心理的认知发生角度,中介语本身的发生角度以及社会、情感的发生角度来理解其成因。教学中,针对大学生汉武英语写作认知发生的不同表现,可相应实施过程法。以语篇理论为指导、以培养大学生词汇运用的评价意识为基点进行分阶段指导,以便消解大学生英语写作中的汉式英语现象。     

Soil-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide in urban garden systems: impact of irrigation,fertiliser and mulch

Urban green spaces provide important ecosystem services, such as amenity, biodiversity, productivity, climate amelioration, hydrological and biogeochemical cycling. Intensively managed urban gardens can sequester carbon through vegetation growth and soil C increase, but may experience nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and reduced soil methane (CH₄) uptake from irrigation and fertiliser use. Soil atmosphere exchange of N₂O, CH₄ and carbon dioxide (CO₂) was measured in lawn and wood chip mulched garden areas in Melbourne, Australia in winter, spring and summer under various water and fertiliser regimes. Gas exchange before and after lawn fertiliser application was measured continuously for three weeks using an automated chamber system. Applying fertiliser led to a peak N₂O emission of >60 μg N m⁻² h⁻¹, but overall only weekly irrigation (10 mm) significantly increased mean soil N₂O emissions above that in other treatments. Under mulch, mean soil N₂O emissions (14.0 μg N m⁻² h⁻¹) were significantly smaller than from irrigated lawn (27.9 μg N m⁻² h⁻¹), whereas mean soil CH₄ uptake under mulch (−30.7 μg C m⁻² h⁻¹) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than in any lawn treatment. Lawns were either a weak CH₄ sink or source. Soil C density (0–25 cm) under mulch (12.5 kg C m⁻²) was greater that under lawn (8.0 kg C m⁻²). On a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂-e) basis, soil N₂O emissions offset the benefits of soil CH₄ uptake. Mulched garden areas provide greatest C sequestration potential in soil and vegetation and the smallest non-CO₂ emissions, as soil CH₄ uptake offsets a large fraction of soil N₂O emissions. Results of this study suggest that reducing the irrigation and fertiliser application to lawns can help mitigate GHG emissions from urban garden systems, and increasing the area of mulched perennial garden beds can also provide net GHG benefits; however, this needs to be tested in other garden systems with different soil types and environmental conditions.     

空间性交易成本:产业组织空间形态的演变

交易成本理论缺失空间维度的缺陷,是新制度经济学研究的软肋.降低空间性交易成本作为产业组织形式及其空间形态演变的动力,有利于破除交易成本的先验性和强化交易成本理论的解释力.因此,众多企业降低空间性交易成本的离散性选择是推动产业组织形式及其空间形态历史演变的动力,当代企业空间集聚的区位战略正逐步替代纵向一体化产业组织形式,这将是降低空间性交易成本的有效途径.     

A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR MODELLING WILDLIFE POPULATION DYNAMICS†

This paper proposes a unified framework for defining and fitting stochastic, discrete‐time, discrete‐stage population dynamics models. The biological system is described by a state‐space model, where the true but unknown state of the population is modelled by a state process, and this is linked to survey data by an observation process. All sources of uncertainty in the inputs, including uncertainty about model specification, are readily incorporated. The paper shows how the state process can be represented as a generalization of the standard Leslie or Lefkovitch matrix. By dividing the state process into subprocesses, complex models can be constructed from manageable building blocks. The paper illustrates the approach with a model of the British grey seal metapopulation, using sequential importance sampling with kernel smoothing to fit the model.     

大学英语体验式教学探讨

体验式教学是“‘以学生为中心＇、‘以任务为基础＇,让学生通过‘具体体验＇来‘发现＇语言使用原则并能够应用到实际交流中的大学英语教学方法”.体验式教学的关键在于体验情境的设计.只有创设合适的情境,才能体现交际教学的原则.