校园网设计方案探讨

根据高校实际情况 ,结合现代信息技术发展重点介绍了校园网络构架的设计思想和实现过程。校园网的总体方案设计原则包括 :采用成熟技术、可靠、可扩展、可升级、向后兼容、可管理、安全。设计中应考虑网络主干、兼容、设备及数据分布、子网划分、网络安装及管理等问题     

麦金太尔正义观解析

自古以来，正义就是伦理学的一个重要内容。早在古希腊时期。苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德就对正义进行过论述，正义成为古希腊的四主德之一。在近代。启蒙思想家们也专门进行过论述。在现代西方，罗尔斯的公平正义理论、诺齐克的权利正义理论产生了重大影响。麦金太尔作为美国当今在世的伦理学巨擘，立足现实，以鲜明的历史主义和亚里士多德主义对正义进行阐述。由此形成了独奠特色的正义观。了解麦金太尔的正义观，有助于我们把握西方正义理论的演进过程。深刺认识正义的本质。     

Ultimate Extinction of the Promiscuous Bisexual Galton—Watson Metapopulation

A variant of a sexual Gallon–Watson process is considered. At each generation the population is partitioned among n‘hosts’ (population patches) and individual members mate at random only with others within the same host. This is appropriate for many macroparasite systems, and at low parasite loads it gives rise to a depressed rate of reproduction relative to an asexual system, due to the possibility that females are unmated. It is shown that stochasticity mitigates against this effect, so that for small initial populations the probability of ultimate extinction (the complement of an ‘epidemic’) displays a tradeoff as a function of n between the strength of fluctuations which overcome this ‘mating’ probability, and the probability of the subpopulation in one host being ‘rescued’ by that in another. Complementary approximations are developed for the extinction probability: an asymptotically exact approximation at large n, and for small n a short‐time probability that is exact in the limit where the mean number of offspring per parent is large.     

斜仁柱

本文介绍了鄂伦春族“斜仁柱”的搭建过程、室内布局和建筑特点,指出“斜仁柱”是与鄂伦春族游猎文化相适应的一种传统建筑形式。     

人力资源的可持续发展及其制约因素

可持续发展从资源角度讲，就是以人力资源替代自然资源。从不同国家的发展战略看，注重人力资源积累的国家经济发展就快。我国人才从存量到增量都不能满足经济快速增长的需要。必须加大开发力度。人力资源不仅是实施可持续发展的关键因素，而且它本身也存在着一个可持续发展的问题。影响人力资源可持续发展的不利因素一是我国人力资源开发程度低下；二是人力资源利用效率低下。要克服这些不利因素，首先国家要加大教育投入，其次完善国家和家庭对教育的投资结构，再次从政策和经济上制约人才高消费。     

Examples of option values in drug development

The option to stop a project is fundamental in drug development. The majority of drugs do not reach the market. Furthermore, many marketed drugs do not repay their development costs. It is therefore crucial to optimize the value of the option to stop. We formulate two examples of statistical models. One is based on success/failure in a series of trials; the other assumes that the commercial value evolves as a stochastic process as more information becomes available. These models are used to study a number of issues: the number and timing of decision points; value of information; speed of development; and order of trials. The results quantify the value of options. They show that early information that can change key decisions is most valuable. That is, we should nip bad projects in the bud. Modelling is also useful to analyse more complex decisions, for example, weighting the value of decision points against the cost of information or the speed of development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论新中国外交政策演变的特点

新中国外交政策的演变有其自身的特点。战后国际形势和中国革命历程决定了对意识形态的倚重 ,随着我国外交理念的日趋成熟 ,最终实现了从意识形态到国家利益的转变 ;与意识形态相联系 ,中国外交一直注重政治利益而忽视经济利益 ,改革开放后 ,邓小平外交战略思想强调经济利益 ,把国家安全建立在经济发展的基础之上。中国外交对国际法的影响有一个由小到大、由单向努力到良性互动的过程。     

Carry‐over in cross‐over trials in bioequivalence: theoretical concerns and empirical evidence

There is now general agreement that pre‐testing for carry‐over in the AB/BA design is harmful and that efficient analysis of this design must proceed on the assumption that carry‐over has not affected the results to any appreciable degree. A general consensus has not been achieved in the case of higher‐order designs. Since particular forms of carry‐over can be estimated on a within‐patient basis and unbiased within‐patient treatment estimators are possible, some statisticians favour pre‐testing and some favour automatic adjustment for carry‐over. We present theoretical arguments that show that, just as in the AB/BA case, the strategy of pre‐testing is biased as a whole and also that the loss in terms of efficiency in adjusting is not negligible. We also present data from two large series of bioequivalence studies to provide empirical evidence that in this context carry‐over is either absent or rare. We conclude that adjusting or testing for carry‐over in bioequivalence studies is at worst harmful and at best pointless, and that this may also apply to other kinds of study. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.