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931.
Objective. This study explores attitudes toward municipal affirmative action contracting among Anglos, African Americans, and Hispanics, testing predictors of support separately for each group and measuring changes over time. Methods. In five successive annual Houston‐area surveys, U.S.‐born Anglos, African Americans, Hispanics, and Hispanic immigrants evaluated a strong version of the city's affirmative action contracting program. Results. Ethnic contrasts in support were partly mediated by differences on the predictors. The predictors of affirmative action attitudes varied greatly by ethnic group. Changes in support across the five years appeared to be associated with the 1997 campaign surrounding the effort to end the city's affirmative action program, and with subsequent policy modifications. Conclusions. The ethnic divisions and the recent increases among all groups in support for the city's program underscore the value of crafting carefully targeted and flexible policies that are perceived to be responding only to documented disadvantage. 相似文献
932.
从<吕刑>看"明德慎罚"思想在西周的演变 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王保国 《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003,36(1):27-30
"明德慎罚"是西周统治阶级重要的政治理念,但随着社会的变迁它也发生了变化,周初以敬民保民为核心,民本是其最大特色;西周中后期,它演化成治民的工具,君本成了最基本的特征.王权的日益稳固和隆升,是促使其变化的根本原因. 相似文献
933.
加入W TO与我国农业结构调整对策 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
加入 WTO既为我国农业发展提供了良好的机遇 ,同时也使我们面临严峻的挑战。文章在分析了加入 WTO对我国农业发展的影响之后 ,从提高农产品质量、优化农业区域布局、发展农产品加工业、加快农村劳动力转移等方面提出了我国农业结构调整的对策 相似文献
934.
This paper discusses the challenges facing the education system of Central Asia and evaluates how these have been addressed in the market economy. We first review the evidence on the economic return to education and determine how the rewards to different levels of education changed during the transition. We then examine the trends in school enrolment and evaluate whether changes in supply or demand explain the enrolment trends we observe. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of the delivery of education and whether market forces have improved the management of schools. We conclude with a summary of the economic and policy lessons derived thus far from the educational transition. The paper uses aggregate administrative data supplemented with survey data, primarily from the Kyrgyz Republic and Kazakhstan, on enrolment, completion, and expenditures. 相似文献
935.
论科研竞争与激励机制的若干问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王宝民 《社会科学管理与评论》2004,(1):35-40
作者结合社会科学工作实践,就建立科研竞争与激励机制的若干问题做了一些探讨。科研竞争与激励本质上是市场经济属性在哲学社会科学领域的反映和要求,须明确哲学社会科学研究可以引入市场化机制,但哲学社会科学研究不能“市场化”。建立科研竞争与激励机制,必须尊重哲学社会科学研究特点和发展规律、进一步改善哲学社会科学研究的外部环境,哲学社会科学管理体制以及社科系统内部各项管理制度的改革也要配套运作。 相似文献
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939.
Stephen W. Ball 《Theory and Decision》1990,29(2):133-160
The purpose of this essay is to defend utilitarianism from the popular objection that it makes moral theory depend improperly upon uncertain factual information and calculations which may produce violations of individual rights or liberties. This objection is a more subtle variant of the general Kantian complaint that utilitarianism makes morality improperly contingent upon empirical facts about historical, socioeconomic circumstances, the consequences of actions, institutions, etc., thereby allowing individual liberties to be sacrificed in order to maximize the collective welfare. Three main arguments connected with the uncertainty-objection are delineated in Rawls' work, and are seen to be fallacious. It is concluded that a suitably sophisticated form of rule-utilitarianism need not base liberty on any impermissible kind of uncertainty in moral theory. This analysis is contrary not only to what Rawlsians and other Kantians nowadays typically argue or assume in criticizing utilitarianism, but also to what some of the leading critics of Rawls have said about his anti-utilitarian stance. 相似文献
940.
The push towards “global standards” in social work is part of a movement to generate uniformity, quality control, and benchmarking for professional education programs. It acts as a powerful vestige of modern institutions and professional associations to prescribe through processes of standardization, formalization, and technical specificity. In social work “global standards” attempt to create a fixed set of minimal requirements to which all professional programs should adhere. Standards are viewed along two dimensions: (i) as a necessity due to the changes and scale of complexity in social work; and (ii) as a vehicle for importing dominant forms of knowledge, values, and skills. Those parties who enthusiastically underwrite attempts to construct “global standards” in fact create a powerful network of allies that undermine local or cultural differences and fail to reconcile them. Global standards in social work undercut indigenous skills and values and negate the expertise of professional judgement. They constitute an unnecessary and politically motivated intrusion in the world of social workers. Ultimately, standards such as these are an illegitimate, impersonal, and voluntary means of regulation. As such, global standards are inherently political because their construction and application formally regulates the local practices in which they become embedded. Over time, they modify the position of social work practitioners and alter relations of accountability to the standards themselves. 相似文献