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Investment in information systems and technology is often justified as a necessary strategy for coping with the increased complexity and information needs of today/s manufacturing environments. However, the world class manufacturing paradigm suggests that increased complexity is not always necessary to meet the needs of markets and customers. Galbraith/s (1973, 1977) seminal information-processing model is applied to a manufacturing environment, supported by the world class manufacturing paradigm, to test the role of various information-processing alternatives for coping with increased environmental complexity. Moderated regression and multiple discriminant analysis are used to test hypotheses in a sample of 164 manufacturing plants. Environmental complexity was found to be related to manufacturing performance for each of the five dependent variables. This relationship was moderated by at least one information-processing alternative for each dependent variable, including self-contained tasks, lateral relations, and environmental management strategies for reducing manufacturing, supplier, and goal diversity. Investments in information systems and reduction of labor and customer diversity did not moderate this relationship. Practices that were found to be particularly effective in moderating this relationship included the use of multifunctional employees, communication of manufacturing strategy, coordination of decision making, product design simplicity, reduction of parts counts, supervisory interaction facilitation, recruiting and selection for flexible employees, JIT practices, blanket purchase orders, and strong customer relationships. 相似文献
174.
By 2010, when the Greek sovereign debt crisis changed into an existential crisis of the euro, all developed democracies entered a phase in which they had to consolidate their budgets, typically implying a politics of austerity. The scholarly literature, as well as the popular press, suggests that – consequently – welfare retrenchment and cost containment became the only games left in town. In this article, we study the welfare state reform measures taken between 2010 and 2012 in four countries characteristic of mature welfare state regimes (liberal, UK; conservative, Germany; social democratic, Denmark; and hybrid, the Netherlands) to examine empirically whether austerity has indeed become the only item left on the policy menu. Our analysis reveals that retrenchment features prominently on the agenda everywhere, but nowhere by itself. While compensation for income loss is rare since 2010, this still happens. More unexpectedly, reforms in line with a social investment agenda (like expansion of child care or active labour market policies) are still being pursued in all our four cases. 相似文献
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The legalization of American Indian casino gaming in the late 1980s allows examination of the relationship between income
and health in a quasi-experimental way. Revenue from gaming accrues to individual tribes and has been used both to supplement
tribe members’ income and to finance tribal infrastructure. We assembled annual data from 1988–2003 on tribal gaming, health
care access (from the Area Resource File), and individual health and socioeconomic characteristics data (from the Behavioral
Risk Factors Surveillance System). We use this information within a structural, difference-in-differences framework to study
the effect of casino gaming on tribal members’ income, health status, access to health care, and health-related behaviors.
Our difference-in-differences framework relies on before-after comparisons among American Indians whose tribe has at some
time operated a casino and with-without comparisons between American Indians whose tribe has and those whose tribe has not
initiated gaming. Our results provide identified estimates of the positive effect of gaming on American Indian income and
on several indicators of American Indian health, health-related behaviors, and access to health care. 相似文献
177.
Zhao BB 《Population studies》2012,66(1):39-52
This paper introduces a new modified Lee-Carter model for analysing short-base-period mortality data, for which the original Lee-Carter model produces severely fluctuating predicted age-specific mortality. Approximating the unknown parameters in the modified model by linearized cubic splines and other additive functions, the model can be simplified into a logistic regression when fitted to binomial data. The expected death rate estimated from the modified model is smooth, not only over ages but also over years. The analysis of mortality data in China (2000-08) demonstrates the advantages of the new model over existing models. 相似文献
178.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been used to improve business supply chain management for over 35 years. As often
happens, private sector technology migrates to the public sector where it is adapted for use. RFID use in governments is spreading
far and wide at the federal and state levels with virtually no debate or performance analyses to inform adoption decisions.
Implementation of RFID technology impacts government efficiency and effectiveness in many areas. Data show that most RFID
applications promise enhanced effectiveness but also pose increased costs. A model is constructed to assist state and local
managers in choosing to adopt RFID and to discern the status and impacts of this bold new innovation.
Barbara L. Neuby PhD is an Associate Professor who teaches and researches in the areas of Budgeting and Security Administration in the Master of Public Administration program at Kennesaw State University. Dr. Neuby participates in various financial and emergency preparedness efforts at the state and local level. Elizabeth Rudin graduated from Kennesaw State University in August of 2008 with a Master of Public Administration degree where she focused her research on emergency management. Ms. Rudin is currently employed in municipal government in Georgia. 相似文献
Elizabeth RudinEmail: |
Barbara L. Neuby PhD is an Associate Professor who teaches and researches in the areas of Budgeting and Security Administration in the Master of Public Administration program at Kennesaw State University. Dr. Neuby participates in various financial and emergency preparedness efforts at the state and local level. Elizabeth Rudin graduated from Kennesaw State University in August of 2008 with a Master of Public Administration degree where she focused her research on emergency management. Ms. Rudin is currently employed in municipal government in Georgia. 相似文献
179.
Barbara A. Head Lisa C. Smith 《Journal of social work in end-of-life & palliative care》2016,12(3):195-213
Online education is becoming commonplace in the academic world. Schools now offer totally online degree programs or provide a hybrid of face-to-face and online courses for fulfilling academic requirements. Developing courses and teaching online requires instructors to rethink the educational paradigms they have relied upon in the past. The Net Generation of learners brings a different set of expectations, styles, and needs to the classroom than those of previous generations; this mandates that instructors redesign courses and use contemporary teaching modalities. This article describes how film was successfully used as the primary medium to teach a graduate online Social Work course, Death and Grief. 相似文献
180.
Esch John W. Mahoney Amanda M. Kestner Kathryn M. LaLonde Kate B. Esch Barbara E. 《The Analysis of verbal behavior》2013,29(1):117-123
Eleven typically developing children were assessed on the accuracy of prompted self-echoic responses following a 5-s delay from their initial echoic response, replicating procedures in Esch, Esch, McCart, and Petursdottir (2010) that compared discrepancies between echoic and self-echoic scores of autistic and typically developing children following a 2-s delay. We compared the two studies in terms of age, level tested, and echoic/self-echoic discrepancy scores. Age and test level differences were found to be statistically significant. Results are discussed in terms of discrepant self-echoic performance and self-echoic rehearsal as it relates to participant age, test level, motivating variables, and the development of complex behavior. 相似文献