Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda

This article reviews empirical research on the role of follower self-conception in leadership effectiveness, and specifies an agenda for future research in this area. The review shows that several aspects of follower self-conception (i.e., self-construal, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-consistency) may be affected by leadership, and may mediate the effects of leadership on follower behavior. There also is consistent evidence that follower self-construal moderates the impact of leadership on follower attitudes and behavior. Two key themes for future research are defined. First, future research should focus on the development of theory about the role of relational self-construal in the leadership process. Second, it seems particularly valuable to develop theory about the interplay of different aspects of follower self-conception in leadership effectiveness, including the interactive effects of these aspects of self. Working backwards from these theoretical models of follower self-conception, specific leader behavior relevant to these aspects of self should then be identified.     

Group issues and activities for female teen survivors of sexual abuse

The impact of sexual abuse can be devastating, especially for young girls at the crucial stage of adolescent development. Ramifications for these survivors of incest and extrafamilial abuse are addressed. Group therapy as an effective means of intervention is described. Group considerations discussed include group name; member and leadership selection; confidentiality; contracting and closed nature; parent meetings; self-disclosure; and objectives.Twelve weeks of group topics, activities, and homework are detailed. These topics are applicable to most female teen survivors of sexual abuse, independent of the age or gender of their perpetrators.     

The Presence of Others and Overreporting of Voting in American National Elections

This study uses the 1978 and 1980 vote validation studies conductedby the University of Michigan Survey Research Center to testthe extent to which false claims about voting are affected bythe presence of third parties during the interview. The presenceof third parties during interviews is far more frequent thanis commonly assumed. But the tendency of respondents to givesocially approved answers is not affected by the presence ofothers during the interview. Thus, additional efforts to avoidcontamination of interviews by eliminating third parties arenot likely to reduce the exaggeration of self-reported vote.The analysis suggests that the declared intention to vote isa far more important factor in whether people falsely reportvoting than is the presence of others. Additional effort tounderstand the motivational basis of voting and nonvoting couldhelp to account for variation in voting overreports.     

Third-party reimbursement for mental health care delivered by clinical social workers: The case for its expansion

Conclusion It is believed that the foregoing statistical material and accompanying discussion substantiate the claim that clinical social workers deliver an ever-increasing portion of mental health care in the United States as a whole and in Pennsylvania in particular.It has also been shown that reimbursement for this type of care is more realistic than current forms of reimbursement and can be effected without adding to the cost of insurance either to the insurers or to the insured.A publication of the Pennsylvania Society for Clinical Social Work, Inc., 4856 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, P. 19141. Prepared January 1976 by the Insurance Committee, Edward Horn and Joan Stern, Research Staff.     

An analysis of variations in U. S. fertility and female labor force participation trends

This study is based on time series data from 1947–1977 on fertility and female labor force participation, and examines (a) the effects of male relative income and female earnings on the level and timing of fertility and female labor force participation, and (b) the relative importance of variations in relative income and female wage rates in explaining the fluctuations in both fertility and female labor supply. The results suggest that relative income exerts a significant positive effect on fertility and a negative effect on female work effort. However, female wage rates appear to be the dominant factor in explaining variations in fertility and female labor force participation over the past two decades, with increases in female earnings leading to both depressed fertility and increased labor force participation of women.